This article unifies neural modeling results that illustrate several basic design principles and mechanisms that are used by advanced brains to develop cortical maps with multiple psychological functions. One principle concerns how brains use a strip map that simultaneously enables one feature to be represented throughout its extent, as well as an ordered array of another feature at different positions of the strip. Strip maps include circuits to represent ocular dominance and orientation columns, place-value numbers, auditory streams, speaker-normalized speech, and cognitive working memories that can code repeated items. A second principle concerns how feature detectors for multiple functions develop in topographic maps, including maps for optic flow navigation, reinforcement learning, motion perception, and category learning at multiple organizational levels. A third principle concerns how brains exploit a spatial gradient of cells that respond at an ordered sequence of different rates. Such a rate gradient is found along the dorsoventral axis of the entorhinal cortex, whose lateral branch controls the development of time cells, and whose medial branch controls the development of grid cells. Populations of time cells can be used to learn how to adaptively time behaviors for which a time interval of hundreds of milliseconds, or several seconds, must be bridged, as occurs during trace conditioning. Populations of grid cells can be used to learn hippocampal place cells that represent the large spaces in which animals navigate. A fourth principle concerns how and why all neocortical circuits are organized into layers, and how functionally distinct columns develop in these circuits to enable map development. A final principle concerns the role of Adaptive Resonance Theory top-down matching and attentional circuits in the dynamic stabilization of early development and adult learning. Cortical maps are modeled in visual, auditory, temporal, parietal, prefrontal, entorhinal, and hippocampal cortices.

中文翻译：

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多种模式下皮质图的发育设计和成人功能：感知、注意力、导航、数字、流媒体、语音和认知

本文统一了神经建模结果，说明了高级大脑用来开发具有多种心理功能的皮层图的几个基本设计原理和机制。一个原理涉及大脑如何使用带状图，该带状图同时能够在其整个范围内表示一个特征，以及在带状图的不同位置处表示另一特征的有序阵列。带状图包括表示视觉优势和方向列、位值数字、听觉流、说话者标准化语音以及可以对重复项目进行编码的认知工作记忆的电路。第二个原则涉及如何在地形图中开发多种功能的特征检测器，包括用于光流导航、强化学习、运动感知和多个组织级别的类别学习的地图。第三个原理涉及大脑如何利用细胞的空间梯度，这些细胞以不同速率的有序序列做出反应。这种速率梯度沿着内嗅皮层的背腹轴发现，其外侧分支控制时间细胞的发育，其内侧分支控制网格细胞的发育。时间单元群体可用于学习如何自适应地对必须桥接数百毫秒或几秒的时间间隔的行为进行计时，就像在跟踪调节期间发生的那样。网格细胞群可用于学习代表动物导航的大空间的海马位置细胞。第四个原则涉及所有新皮质回路如何以及为何被组织成层，以及这些回路中功能不同的列如何发展以实现地图开发。最后一个原则涉及自适应共振理论自上而下的匹配和注意力回路在早期发展和成人学习的动态稳定中的作用。皮质图在视觉、听觉、颞叶、顶叶、前额叶、内嗅和海马皮质中建模。