A comprehensive concept of the biological basis of reward, social and emotional behavior, and language requires a deeper understanding of the microstructure and connectivity of the underlying brain regions. Such understanding could provide deeper insights into their role in functional networks, and form the anatomical basis of the functional segregation of this region as shown in recent in vivo imaging studies. Here, we investigated the cytoarchitecture of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lateral OFC) in serial histological sections of 10 human postmortem brains by image analysis and a statistically reproducible approach to detect borders between cortical areas. Profiles of the volume fraction of cell bodies were therefore extracted from digitized histological images, describing laminar changes from the layer I/layer II boundary to the white matter. As a result, four new areas, Fo4-7, were identified. Area Fo4 was mainly found in the anterior orbital gyrus (AOG), Fo5 anteriorly in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), Fo6 in the lateral orbital gyrus (LOG), and Fo7 in the lateral orbital sulcus. Areas differed in cortical thickness, abundance and size of pyramidal cells in layer III and degree of granularity in layer IV. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to quantify cytoarchitectonic differences between them. The 3D-reconstructed areas were transformed into the single-subject template of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), where probabilistic maps and a maximum probability map (MPM) were calculated as part of the JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas. These maps served as reference data to study the functional properties of the areas using the BrainMap database. The type of behavioral tasks that activated them was analyzed to get first insights of co-activation patterns of the lateral OFC and its contribution to cognitive networks. Meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) showed that functional decoding revealed activation in gustatory perception in Fo4; reward and somesthetic perception in Fo5; semantic processing and pain perception in Fo6; and emotional processing and covert reading in Fo7. Together with existing maps of the JuBrain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas, the new maps can now be used as an open-source reference for neuroimaging studies, allowing to further decode brain function.

中文翻译：

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在人类外侧眶额皮层中四个新区域的细胞建筑师学表征和功能解码。

奖励，社交和情感行为以及语言的生物学基础的全面概念要求对基础大脑区域的微观结构和连通性有更深入的了解。这种理解可以为它们在功能网络中的作用提供更深入的见解，并形成该区域功能隔离的解剖学基础，如最近的体内成像研究所示。在这里，我们通过图像分析和统计可重现的方法来检测皮层区域之间的边界，研究了10个人类死后大脑的连续组织学切片中的眶额额叶皮层（oFC）的细胞结构。因此，从数字化的组织学图像中提取了细胞体体积分数的分布图，描述了从层I /层II边界到白质的层流变化。结果，确定了四个新区域Fo4-7。Fo4区域主要位于前眶回（AOG），前额下回（IFG）的前Fo5，外侧眶回（LOG）的Fo6和外侧眶沟的Fo7。第三层中的皮质厚度，锥体细胞的丰度和大小以及第四层中的粒度程度不同。使用层次聚类分析来量化它们之间的细胞结构差异。将3D重构区域转换为蒙特利尔神经病学研究所（MNI）的单对象模板，其中将概率图和最大概率图（MPM）计算为JuBrain细胞结构图集的一部分。这些地图用作参考数据，以使用BrainMap数据库研究区域的功能特性。分析了激活它们的行为任务的类型，以初步了解侧向OFC的共激活模式及其对认知网络的贡献。荟萃分析连接模型（MACM）显示功能解码揭示了Fo4味觉知觉的激活。Fo5中的奖励和知觉感知；Fo6中的语义处理和疼痛感知；以及Fo7中的情感处理和秘密阅读。连同现有的JuBrain细胞结构地图集地图，新地图现在可以用作神经影像研究的开源参考，从而可以进一步解码大脑功能。分析了激活它们的行为任务的类型，以初步了解侧向OFC的共激活模式及其对认知网络的贡献。荟萃分析连接模型（MACM）显示功能解码揭示了Fo4味觉知觉的激活。Fo5中的奖励和知觉感知；Fo6中的语义处理和疼痛感知；以及Fo7中的情感处理和秘密阅读。连同现有的JuBrain细胞结构地图集地图，新地图现在可以用作神经影像研究的开源参考，从而可以进一步解码大脑功能。分析了激活它们的行为任务的类型，以初步了解侧向OFC的共激活模式及其对认知网络的贡献。荟萃分析连接模型（MACM）显示功能解码揭示了Fo4味觉知觉的激活。Fo5中的奖励和知觉感知；Fo6中的语义处理和疼痛感知；以及Fo7中的情感处理和秘密阅读。连同现有的JuBrain细胞结构地图集地图，新地图现在可以用作神经影像研究的开源参考，从而可以进一步解码大脑功能。荟萃分析连接模型（MACM）显示功能解码揭示了Fo4味觉知觉的激活。Fo5中的奖励和知觉感知；Fo6中的语义处理和疼痛感知；以及Fo7中的情感处理和秘密阅读。连同现有的JuBrain细胞结构地图集地图，新地图现在可以用作神经影像研究的开源参考，从而可以进一步解码大脑功能。荟萃分析连接模型（MACM）表明，功能解码揭示了Fo4味觉知觉的激活。Fo5中的奖励和知觉感知；Fo6中的语义处理和疼痛感知；以及Fo7中的情感处理和秘密阅读。连同现有的JuBrain细胞结构地图集地图，新地图现在可以用作神经影像研究的开源参考，从而可以进一步解码大脑功能。