Introduction: Recent technological progress in pain management includes patient´s stratification depending on their disease subtype, prognosis, risk, or treatment response using data analysis and genetic testing in order to select the most appropriate drug for each group. A spatiotemporal control on the release of the selected anesthetic drug is also desirable in order to minimize side effects and to provide the patient with the appropriate dose above the therapeutic threshold and below the maximum desirable concentration. Light can be used non-invasively as an exogenous trigger to allow multiple drug administrations with precise spatiotemporal control. By controlling light fluence/irradiance, pulse structure, and duration of the irradiation drug release kinetics can be controlled in a pulsatile manner to release totally or partially the drug loaded into particulate carriers.Areas covered: Recent advances in the field of light-triggered nanoparticles used in pain management specially those studies which include preclinical models are reviewed.Expert opinion: Two decades later after the first light-sensitive drug delivery systems reported still several limitations hinder their clinical translation. Additional efforts should be undertaken to understand the nanoparticles biological fate, to satisfy their large-scale production, and to facilitate the technology to apply this therapeutic approach at a low cost.

中文翻译：

---

轻触发的纳米颗粒用于疼痛处理。

简介：疼痛管理方面的最新技术进展包括根据患者的疾病亚型，预后，风险或治疗反应对患者进行分层，使用数据分析和基因测试，以便为每个组选择最合适的药物。为了使副作用最小化并为患者提供高于治疗阈值且低于最大期望浓度的合适剂量，还期望对所选麻醉药物的释放进行时空控制。可以将光非侵入性地用作外源性触发因素，以允许在精确的时空控制下多次给药。通过控制光通量/辐照度，脉冲结构，可以通过脉冲方式控制放出药物的动力学和持续时间，以完全释放或部分释放加载到颗粒载体中的药物。研究领域：用于疼痛控制的光触发纳米颗粒领域的最新进展，特别是包括临床前研究在内的研究专家意见：在第一个光敏药物递送系统报道后的二十年后，仍然存在一些限制其临床翻译的限制。应该付出更多的努力来理解纳米颗粒的生物命运，以满足其大规模生产的需要，并促进该技术以低成本应用这种治疗方法。综述了用于疼痛治疗的光触发纳米颗粒领域的最新进展，特别是对包括临床前模型在内的研究进行了综述。专家意见：第一个光敏药物递送系统报道二十年后，仍然存在一些限制其临床翻译的限制。应该付出更多的努力来理解纳米颗粒的生物命运，以满足其大规模生产的需要，并促进该技术以低成本应用这种治疗方法。综述了用于疼痛治疗的光触发纳米颗粒领域的最新进展，特别是对包括临床前模型在内的研究进行了综述。专家意见：第一个光敏药物递送系统报道二十年后，仍然存在一些限制其临床翻译的限制。应该付出更多的努力来理解纳米颗粒的生物命运，以满足其大规模生产的需要，并促进该技术以低成本应用这种治疗方法。