The neurological disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and are bracketed as the foremost basis of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The treatment options are symptomatic and often the movement of drugs is restricted by a specialized network of endothelial cell layers (adjoined by tight cell-to-cell junction proteins; occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules), pericytes and astroglial foot processes. In recent years, advances in nanomedicine have led to therapies that target central nervous system (CNS) pathobiology via altering signaling mechanisms such as activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in ischemic stroke arrests apoptosis, interruption of α-synuclein aggregation prevents neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's. Often such interactions are limited by insufficient concentrations of drugs reaching neuronal tissues and/or insufficient residence time of drug/s with the receptor. Hence, lipid nanoformulations, SLNs (solid lipid nanoparticles) and NLCs (nanostructured lipid carriers) emerged to overcome these challenges by utilizing physiological transport mechanisms across blood-brain barrier, such as drug-loaded SLN/NLCs adsorb apolipoproteins from the systemic circulation and are taken up by endothelial cells via low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor mediated endocytosis and subsequently unload drugs at target site (neuronal tissue), which imparts selectivity, target ability, and reduction in toxicity. This paper reviews the utilization of SLN/NLCs as carriers for targeted delivery of novel CNS drugs to improve the clinical course of neurological disorders, placing some additional discussion on the metabolism of lipid-based formulations.

中文翻译：

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基于脂质的纳米制剂在神经系统疾病的治疗中。

神经系统疾病影响着全球数百万人，被列为残疾调整生命年（DALYs）的最重要基础。对症治疗是对症治疗，药物的运动通常受内皮细胞层（与紧密的细胞间连接蛋白；闭合蛋白，claudins和连接黏附分子相连）的专用网络，周细胞和星形胶质足突的限制。近年来，纳米医学的进展已导致通过改变信号传导机制（例如缺血性中风中PI3K / Akt通路的激活）的信号转导机制靶向中枢神经系统（CNS）病理学的疗法阻止了细胞凋亡，α-突触核蛋白聚集的阻止阻止了帕金森氏症的神经元变性。通常，此类相互作用受到药物到达神经元组织的浓度不足和/或药物与受体的停留时间不足的限制。因此，脂质纳米制剂，SLN（固体脂质纳米颗粒）和NLC（纳米结构脂质载体）应运而生，通过利用跨血脑屏障的生理转运机制来克服这些挑战，例如载药的SLN / NLC从系统循环中吸收载脂蛋白，并且通过低密度脂蛋白（LDL）受体介导的内吞作用被内皮细胞吸收，随后在目标部位（神经组织）卸载药物，从而赋予了选择性，目标能力并降低了毒性。本文概述了SLN / NLC作为新型中枢神经系统药物靶向递送的载体的用途，以改善神经系统疾病的临床进程，