Beginning in the 1960s, mandatory newborn screening (NBS) of essentially all infants has been a major public health success story. NBS is not just a blood test, rather, it is a complex, integrated system that begins with timely testing, scrupulous follow up of patients, tracking of outcomes, quality improvement of all aspects of the process, and education of providers, staff, and parents. In the past, expansion of NBS programs has been driven by new testing technology, but now is increasingly driven by the development of novel therapeutics and political advocacy. Each state determines how the NBS system will be structured in that state, but there is increasing oversight and support for harmonization at a federal level. Several recent initiatives, together with the increased number of conditions screened and the concomitant increase in burdensome false‐positive tests, are creating new scrutiny of NBS systems, and potentially pose an existential risk to the public acceptance of mandatory NBS. The history, current state and challenges for NBS are explored in this issue, with some suggestions as to how to address them.

中文翻译：

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美国的强制性新生儿筛查：历史、现状和生存挑战。

从 1960 年代开始，对基本上所有婴儿进行强制性新生儿筛查 (NBS) 一直是一个重大的公共卫生成功案例。NBS 不仅仅是血液检测，而是一个复杂的综合系统，它从及时检测、严格的患者随访、结果跟踪、过程各个方面的质量改进以及提供者、员工和员工的教育开始父母。过去，NBS 项目的扩展是由新的检测技术推动的，但现在越来越多地受到新疗法的发展和政治宣传的推动。每个州都决定了在该州如何构建 NBS 系统，但在联邦层面对协调的监督和支持越来越多。最近的几项举措，随着筛查条件数量的增加以及随之而来的繁重假阳性测试的增加，正在对 NBS 系统进行新的审查，并可能对公众接受强制性 NBS 构成生存风险。本期探讨了 NBS 的历史、现状和挑战，并就如何解决这些问题提出了一些建议。