The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether parental support and knowledge moderate the relationship between bullying perpetration and delinquency. A sample of 305 middle school students (141 boys, 164 girls; 10-12 years of age) served as participants in this study. The research hypothesis predicted that parental support and knowledge would moderate the prospective bullying-delinquency relationship. Testing this hypothesis with least squares regression parametric coefficients and percentile bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals, parental support received full support and parental knowledge no support as factors potentially capable of reducing risk for future delinquency by interacting with prior bullying perpetration. Whereas parental support decreased the odds of high bullying boys engaging in future delinquency-an outcome consistent with the view that parenting can serve a protective function against future offending by neutralizing the risk effect of bullying-parental knowledge failed to reduce future delinquency in children who bullied, although it did have a direct ameliorative effect on future delinquency. The protective effect was strongest when parental support was high and parental knowledge low, whereas the risk effect was strongest when parental support was low and parental knowledge was medium to high. These results suggest that protective and risk effects are limited to certain combinations of protective and risk factors.

中文翻译：

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以父母的支持和知识调节欺凌犯罪-犯罪关系：对中学生的前瞻性分析

本研究的目的是确定父母的支持和知识是否可以调节欺凌行为与犯罪之间的关系。305 名中学生（141 名男孩，164 名女孩；10-12 岁）作为本研究的参与者。研究假设预测父母的支持和知识会缓和未来的欺凌-犯罪关系。使用最小二乘回归参数系数和百分位自举 95% 置信区间测试这一假设，父母的支持得到了充分的支持，而父母的知识没有得到支持，因为这些因素可能通过与先前的欺凌行为相互作用来降低未来犯罪的风险。而父母的支持降低了高欺凌男孩未来犯罪的几率——这一结果与这样的观点一致，即父母可以通过中和欺凌的风险影响来保护未来的犯罪——父母的知识未能减少被欺凌的孩子未来的犯罪，虽然它确实对未来的犯罪有直接的改善作用。父母支持高、父母知识低时保护作用最强，而父母支持低、父母知识中等至高时风险效应最强。这些结果表明保护性和风险效应仅限于保护性和风险因素的某些组合。