Cicadas and many of their relatives (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) generate vibroacoustic signals using tymbal organs located on their first two abdominal segments. Although tymbals are well-studied in Cicadidae, their systematic distribution in other Cicadomorpha and their possible homologies to the vibroacoustic mechanisms of other Hemiptera have been debated for more than a century. In the present study, we re-examine the morphology of the musculoskeletal system of cicadomorphan vibroacoustic organs, and we document their systematic distribution in 78 species drawn from across the phylogeny of Cicadomorpha. We also compare their morphology to the recently-described snapping organ of planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha). Based on the structure and innervation of the metathoracic and abdominal musculoskeletal system, we find that several key elements of cicadomorphan vibroacoustic organs that have previously been assigned to the first abdominal segment in fact belong to the second. We find that tymbal organs are nearly ubiquitous in Cicadomorpha, and conclude based on their phylogenetic distribution, that they are likely to be synapomorphic. The unusual tymbal-like organs of the Deltocephalinae and Typhlocybinae, represent derived modifications. Finally, we propose a standardised terminology for sternal components of the cicadomorphan vibrational organs, which can be used in future taxonomic descriptions.

中文翻译：

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蝉morph性鼓膜器官的形态和进化。

蝉及其许多亲属（半翅目：蝉形目）利用位于其前两个腹部的鼓器官产生振动声信号。尽管在蝉科中已经深入研究了mb，但它们在其他蝉形体内的系统分布以及它们与其他半翅目的声声学机制的同源性已经争论了一个多世纪。在本研究中，我们重新检查了蝉蜕颤音器官的肌肉骨骼系统的形态，并记录了它们在整个蝉形系统发育中提取的78种物种中的系统分布。我们还将它们的形态与飞虱（Fulgoromorpha）的最近描述的捕捉器官进行了比较。根据胸腹和腹部肌肉骨骼系统的结构和神经支配，我们发现，以前被分配给第一个腹部节段的蝉吗啡动声器官的几个关键元素实际上属于第二个。我们发现，C器官在蝉形体内几乎无处不在，并基于它们的系统发育分布得出结论，它们很可能是突触形的。Deltocephalinae和Typhlocybinae的不寻常的样器官代表衍生的修饰。最后，我们提出了蝉蜕振动器官的胸骨成分的标准化术语，可以在将来的分类学描述中使用。他们可能是同形的。Deltocephalinae和Typhlocybinae的不寻常的样器官代表衍生的修饰。最后，我们提出了蝉蜕振动器官的胸骨成分的标准化术语，可用于将来的分类学描述。他们可能是同形的。Deltocephalinae和Typhlocybinae的不寻常的ty样器官代表衍生的修饰。最后，我们为蝉蜕振动器官的胸骨组件提出了一个标准化的术语，可以在以后的分类学描述中使用。