Predators can induce extreme stress and profound physiological responses in prey. Insects are the most dominant animal group on Earth and serve as prey for many different predators. Although insects have an extraordinary diversity of anti-predator behavioral and physiological responses, predator-induced stress has not been studied extensively in insects, especially at the molecular level. Here, we review the existing literature on physiological predator-induced stress responses in insects and compare what is known about insect stress to vertebrate stress systems. We conclude that many unrelated insects share a baseline pathway of predator-induced stress responses that we refer to as the octopamine-adipokinetic hormone (OAH) axis. We also present best practices for studying predator-induced stress responses in prey insects. We encourage investigators to compare neurophysiological responses to predator-related stress at the organismal, neurohormonal, tissue, and cellular levels within and across taxonomic groups. Studying stress-response variation between ecological contexts and across taxonomic levels will enable the field to build a holistic understanding of, and distinction between, taxon- and stimulus-specific responses relative to universal stress responses.

中文翻译：

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捕食者对昆虫的应激反应：综述。

食肉动物会在猎物中引起极大的压力和深刻的生理反应。昆虫是地球上最主要的动物，是许多不同食肉动物的猎物。尽管昆虫对反捕食者的行为和生理反应具有非同寻常的多样性，但在昆虫中，尤其是在分子水平上，对捕食者诱发的应激尚未进行广泛研究。在这里，我们回顾了有关昆虫中生理捕食者引起的应激反应的现有文献，并比较了关于脊椎动物应激系统的昆虫应激的已知知识。我们得出的结论是，许多不相关的昆虫共有捕食者诱导的应激反应的基线途径，我们将其称为章鱼胺-脂肪代谢激素（OAH）轴。我们还提出了最佳实践，用于研究捕食性昆虫在捕食性昆虫中引起的应激反应。我们鼓励研究人员在分类组内和分类组之间的生物，神经激素，组织和细胞水平上比较对捕食者相关压力的神经生理反应。研究生态环境之间和整个分类学水平之间的压力响应变化，将使该领域对相对于普遍压力响应的分类和刺激特定响应有一个整体的理解和区分。