The cytosolic calcium concentration is regulated by calcium-processing proteins such as transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, sodium-calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1). Those calcium-processing proteins are important for physiological functions in the brain. The effects of steroid hormones on calcium-processing protein expressions in the brains are unknown. Thus, the effects of steroid hormones on the distribution, localization, and expressions of calcium-processing proteins in the brain were analyzed. Immature female rats were injected with estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), dexamethasone (DEX), and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and RU486). We found that TRPV5 and TRPV6 proteins were highly expressed in the cerebral cortex (CT), hypothalamus (HY), and brain stem (BS) compared to that in the olfactory bulb (OB) and cerebellum (CB). Also, the NCX1 protein was highly expressed in CT and BS compared to that in OB, HY, and CB, and PMCA1 protein was highly expressed in CT compared to that in other brain regions. Furthermore, expression levels of TRPV5, TRPV6, NCX1, and PMCA1 proteins were regulated by E2, P4, and/or DEX in the CT and HY. In summary, calcium-processing proteins are widely expressed in the immature rat brain, and expressions of calcium-processing proteins in CT and HY indicated that they may regulate by E2, P4, and/or DEX and can be attenuated by antagonist treatment. These results indicate that steroid hormone regulation of TRPV5, TRPV6, NCX1, and PMCA1 proteins may serve as a critical regulator of cytosolic calcium absorption and release in the brain.

中文翻译：

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类固醇激素对未成熟雌性大鼠脑钙加工蛋白表达的影响

细胞溶质钙浓度受钙加工蛋白调节，如瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族 V 成员 5 (TRPV5)、TRPV6、钠钙交换器 1 (NCX1) 和质膜 Ca2+ ATPase 1 (PMCA1)。这些钙加工蛋白对大脑的生理功能很重要。类固醇激素对大脑中钙加工蛋白表达的影响尚不清楚。因此，分析了类固醇激素对大脑中钙加工蛋白的分布、定位和表达的影响。未成熟雌性大鼠注射雌激素 (E2)、孕酮 (P4)、地塞米松 (DEX) 及其拮抗剂 (ICI 182,780 和 RU486)。我们发现 TRPV5 和 TRPV6 蛋白在大脑皮层 (CT)、下丘脑 (HY)、和脑干 (BS) 与嗅球 (OB) 和小脑 (CB) 中的相比。此外，与 OB、HY 和 CB 相比，NCX1 蛋白在 CT 和 BS 中高表达，而 PMCA1 蛋白在 CT 中高表达与其他脑区相比。此外，TRPV5、TRPV6、NCX1 和 PMCA1 蛋白的表达水平受 CT 和 HY 中的 E2、P4 和/或 DEX 调节。总之，钙加工蛋白在未成熟大鼠脑中广泛表达，CT和HY中钙加工蛋白的表达表明它们可能受E2、P4和/或DEX调节，并可通过拮抗剂治疗减弱。这些结果表明，TRPV5、TRPV6、NCX1 和 PMCA1 蛋白的类固醇激素调节可能是大脑中细胞溶质钙吸收和释放的关键调节剂。