It has been shown that recalling a meal eaten a few hours earlier (vs. the previous day) leads to reduced snacking ('meal-recall' effect). This study attempted to replicate this effect, by assessing participants' (N = 77, mean age = 33.30 [SD = 14.98], mean BMI = 23.77 [SD = 3.72], 74% female) biscuit consumption during a bogus taste test in two separate sessions, before which participants recalled a recent or a distant meal. It was explored whether factors that might affect the quality of a meal-memory, particularly individual differences in memory ability and depth of recall, would influence the meal-recall effect. To this end, only participants with a low or high memory ability were recruited for the study and were allocated to either an unguided-recall or guided-recall condition. In the unguided condition, participants were asked to recall what they ate, and in the guided condition they were prompted for further details regarding their meal. Participants were asked to either recall their meal out loud through an interview with the experimenter or by writing their recollection down on the computer. Contrary to the initial hypotheses, it was found that only the written group demonstrated the meal-recall effect, whereas the verbal group did not. Moreover, this was specific to the written, unguided group, in which participants ate about 9 g fewer biscuits after recalling a recent (vs. a distant) meal, F (1,15) = 6.07, p = .026, ηp2 = 0.288. The written, guided group's snacking seemed to increase by about 8 g after recalling a recent (vs. a distant) meal, F (1,20) = 7.31, p = .014, ηp2 = 0.268. The meal-recall effect was not evident in the verbal group. Memory ability did not influence the magnitude of the meal-recall effect. The results highlight the importance of contextual factors in modulating the meal-recall effect.

中文翻译：

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记忆能力、深度和回忆方式在记忆对后期消费影响中的作用

研究表明，回忆几小时前（与前一天相比）吃过的一顿饭会导致吃零食的减少（“膳食回忆”效应）。这项研究试图通过评估参与者（N = 77，平均年龄 = 33.30 [SD = 14.98]，平均 BMI = 23.77 [SD = 3.72]，74% 为女性）在两次虚假味觉测试期间的饼干消费来复制这种效果单独的会议，在此之前参与者回忆最近或遥远的一餐。探讨了可能影响膳食记忆质量的因素，特别是记忆能力和回忆深度的个体差异，是否会影响膳食回忆效果。为此，只有记忆能力低或高的参与者被招募到研究中，并被分配到非引导回忆或引导回忆条件下。在无人引导的情况下，参与者被要求回忆他们吃了什么，并在引导条件下提示他们提供有关他们用餐的更多细节。参与者被要求要么通过与实验者的面谈大声回忆他们的用餐经历，要么将他们的回忆写在电脑上。与最初的假设相反，研究发现只有书面组表现出膳食回忆效应，而口头组则没有。此外，这是特定于书面的、无指导的组，其中参与者在回忆最近（与遥远的）一餐后少吃约 9 克饼干，F (1,15) = 6.07，p = .026，ηp2 = 0.288 . 在回忆最近（与远距离）的一餐后，书面指导组的零食似乎增加了约 8 克，F (1,20) = 7.31，p = .014，ηp2 = 0.268。言语组的膳食回忆效应不明显。记忆能力不影响用餐回忆效应的大小。结果强调了情境因素在调节用餐回忆效应中的重要性。