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Interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes confer sex‐specific effects on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13605 Rebecca C Vaught 1 , Susanne Voigt 2 , Ralph Dobler 2 , David J Clancy 3 , Klaus Reinhardt 2 , Damian K Dowling 1
Journal of Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13605 Rebecca C Vaught 1 , Susanne Voigt 2 , Ralph Dobler 2 , David J Clancy 3 , Klaus Reinhardt 2 , Damian K Dowling 1
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Genetic variation outside of the cell nucleus can affect the phenotype. The cytoplasm is home to the mitochondria, and in arthropods often hosts intracellular bacteria such as Wolbachia. Although numerous studies have implicated epistatic interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic variation as mediators of phenotypic expression, two questions remain. Firstly, it remains unclear whether outcomes of cyto‐nuclear interactions will manifest differently across the sexes, as might be predicted given that cytoplasmic genomes are screened by natural selection only through females as a consequence of their maternal inheritance. Secondly, the relative contribution of mitochondrial genetic variation to other cytoplasmic sources of variation, such as Wolbachia infection, in shaping phenotypic outcomes of cyto‐nuclear interactions remains unknown. Here, we address these questions, creating a fully crossed set of replicated cyto‐nuclear populations derived from three geographically distinct populations of Drosophila melanogaster, measuring the lifespan of males and females from each population. We observed that cyto‐nuclear interactions shape lifespan and that the outcomes of these interactions differ across the sexes. Yet, we found no evidence that placing the cytoplasms from one population alongside the nuclear background of others (generating putative cyto‐nuclear mismatches) leads to decreased lifespan in either sex. Although it was difficult to partition mitochondrial from Wolbachia effects, our results suggest at least some of the cytoplasmic genotypic contribution to lifespan was directly mediated by an effect of sequence variation in the mtDNA. Future work should explore the degree to which cyto‐nuclear interactions result in sex differences in the expression of other components of organismal life history.
中文翻译：
细胞质和核基因组之间的相互作用赋予黑腹果蝇寿命的性别特异性影响
细胞核外的遗传变异会影响表型。细胞质是线粒体的家园，并且在节肢动物中通常寄居细胞内细菌，如沃尔巴克氏菌。尽管许多研究表明细胞质和核遗传变异之间的上位相互作用是表型表达的介质，但仍有两个问题。首先，细胞核相互作用的结果是否会在不同性别之间表现出不同的表现仍不清楚，这可能是因为细胞质基因组是通过自然选择筛选的，因为雌性是母本遗传的结果。其次，线粒体遗传变异对其他细胞质变异来源（如沃尔巴克氏菌感染）在形成细胞核相互作用的表型结果方面的相对贡献仍然未知。在这里，我们解决了这些问题，创建了一组完全交叉的复制细胞核种群，这些种群来自三个地理上不同的黑腹果蝇种群，测量每个种群中雄性和雌性的寿命。我们观察到细胞核相互作用影响寿命，并且这些相互作用的结果因性别而异。然而，我们没有发现任何证据表明将一个种群的细胞质与其他种群的核背景放在一起（产生假定的细胞核错配）会导致任一性别的寿命缩短。尽管很难将线粒体与沃尔巴克效应区分开来，但我们的结果表明，至少有一些细胞质基因型对寿命的贡献是由 mtDNA 中序列变异的影响直接介导的。
更新日期：2020-03-02
中文翻译：
细胞质和核基因组之间的相互作用赋予黑腹果蝇寿命的性别特异性影响
细胞核外的遗传变异会影响表型。细胞质是线粒体的家园，并且在节肢动物中通常寄居细胞内细菌，如沃尔巴克氏菌。尽管许多研究表明细胞质和核遗传变异之间的上位相互作用是表型表达的介质，但仍有两个问题。首先，细胞核相互作用的结果是否会在不同性别之间表现出不同的表现仍不清楚，这可能是因为细胞质基因组是通过自然选择筛选的，因为雌性是母本遗传的结果。其次，线粒体遗传变异对其他细胞质变异来源（如沃尔巴克氏菌感染）在形成细胞核相互作用的表型结果方面的相对贡献仍然未知。在这里，我们解决了这些问题，创建了一组完全交叉的复制细胞核种群，这些种群来自三个地理上不同的黑腹果蝇种群，测量每个种群中雄性和雌性的寿命。我们观察到细胞核相互作用影响寿命，并且这些相互作用的结果因性别而异。然而，我们没有发现任何证据表明将一个种群的细胞质与其他种群的核背景放在一起（产生假定的细胞核错配）会导致任一性别的寿命缩短。尽管很难将线粒体与沃尔巴克效应区分开来，但我们的结果表明，至少有一些细胞质基因型对寿命的贡献是由 mtDNA 中序列变异的影响直接介导的。
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