Personality and physiological traits often have close relationships with dominance status, but the significance and/or direction of the relationships vary between studies. This study examines whether two personality traits (aggressiveness and boldness) and three physiological traits (testosterone and cortisol levels and oxygen consumption rates) are associated with contest decisions/performance using a mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. The results show that individuals that attacked their own mirror images (an aggressiveness index) at higher rates or had higher levels of testosterone were more likely to attack their opponent and win non-escalated contests, while individuals that had higher levels of cortisol were more likely to lose. After the contests, (1) individuals that had attacked their opponents or won had higher post-contest oxygen consumption rates, and (2) individuals that had attacked their opponents also had higher post-contest levels of cortisol. Although no significant correlations were detected among pre-contest physiological traits, post-contest levels of cortisol were positively correlated with oxygen consumption rates. Overall, personality and physiological traits provide useful predictors for the fish's contest decisions/performance. Contest interactions subsequently modified post-contest physiological traits and potentially also promoted associations between them. Nevertheless, the fish's physiological traits remained rather consistent over the entire study period.

中文翻译：

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个性和生理特征预测 Kryptolebias marmoratus 的比赛互动

人格和生理特征通常与支配地位密切相关，但这些关系的重要性和/或方向因研究而异。本研究使用红树林鳉鱼 Kryptolebias marmoratus 来检查两种性格特征（攻击性和大胆性）和三种生理特征（睾酮和皮质醇水平以及耗氧率）是否与比赛决策/表现相关。结果表明，以较高的频率攻击自己的镜像（攻击性指数）或睾丸激素水平较高的个体更有可能攻击对手并赢得非升级的比赛，而皮质醇水平较高的个体更有可能失去。比赛结束后，（1）攻击对手或获胜的个体赛后耗氧率更高，（2）攻击对手的个体赛后皮质醇水平也更高。虽然在比赛前的生理特征之间没有检测到显着的相关性，但比赛后的皮质醇水平与耗氧率呈正相关。总的来说，个性和生理特征为鱼的比赛决定/表现提供了有用的预测因素。比赛互动随后修改了比赛后的生理特征，并可能促进了它们之间的关联。尽管如此，在整个研究期间，鱼的生理特征仍然相当一致。(2) 攻击对手的个体在比赛后的皮质醇水平也更高。虽然在比赛前的生理特征之间没有检测到显着的相关性，但比赛后的皮质醇水平与耗氧率呈正相关。总的来说，个性和生理特征为鱼的比赛决定/表现提供了有用的预测因素。比赛互动随后修改了比赛后的生理特征，并可能促进了它们之间的关联。尽管如此，在整个研究期间，鱼的生理特征仍然相当一致。(2) 攻击对手的个体在比赛后的皮质醇水平也更高。虽然在比赛前的生理特征之间没有检测到显着的相关性，但比赛后的皮质醇水平与耗氧率呈正相关。总的来说，个性和生理特征为鱼的比赛决定/表现提供了有用的预测因素。比赛互动随后修改了比赛后的生理特征，并可能促进了它们之间的关联。尽管如此，在整个研究期间，鱼的生理特征仍然相当一致。个性和生理特征为鱼的比赛决策/表现提供了有用的预测指标。比赛互动随后修改了比赛后的生理特征，并可能促进了它们之间的关联。尽管如此，在整个研究期间，鱼的生理特征仍然相当一致。个性和生理特征为鱼的比赛决策/表现提供了有用的预测指标。比赛互动随后修改了比赛后的生理特征，并可能促进了它们之间的关联。尽管如此，在整个研究期间，鱼的生理特征仍然相当一致。