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Sex-specific patterns of minimal compensation of care during and after short term mate removal in biparental blue tits
Behavioural Processes ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104026
Mark C Mainwaring 1 , Ian R Hartley 2
Affiliation  

Early theoretical models predicted that over evolutionary timescales, changes in effort by one biparental parent should result in incomplete compensation by the other. Empirical studies, however, report responses ranging from no compensation through to complete compensation which may mean that parents respond to each other's efforts over short time scales, as predicted by some recent theoretical models. Few studies have examined behavioural changes over short time periods which mimic the onset of reduced effort so we removed one blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) parent for 20 minutes during nestling provisioning. We then quantified the provisioning rates of both parents for 60 minutes 'pre-removal', the non-removed partner during the 20 minute 'removal' period and both parents for 60 minutes 'post-removal'. When compared to pre-removal, both sexes reduced their provisioning rates during the removal stage and also during the post-removal stage. There were, however, sex-specific provisioning patterns in the hour after the parent was returned because after females were released, males began provisioning at a relatively high rate and then maintained that rate across the hour after removal whereas after males were released, females began provisioning at a low rate but significantly increased thereafter. There was no long term effect on offspring fitness, which probably reflects the short time parents were removed and so we conclude that parents with biparental care adjust their provisioning rates to successfully overcome very short term decreases in care.

中文翻译:

双亲蓝山雀短期伴侣移除期间和之后的最小护理补偿的性别特异性模式

早期的理论模型预测,在进化时间尺度上,一个双亲父母的努力变化应该导致另一个不完全补偿。然而,实证研究报告了从无补偿到完全补偿的反应,这可能意味着父母会在短时间内对彼此的努力做出反应,正如一些最近的理论模型所预测的那样。很少有研究在短时间内检查模仿减少努力开始的行为变化,因此我们在雏鸟供应期间移除了一只蓝山雀(Cyanistes caeruleus)亲本 20 分钟。然后,我们量化了 60 分钟“移除前”的父母双方、20 分钟“移除”期间未移除的合作伙伴和父母双方“移除后”60 分钟的供应率。与移除前相比,两性在移除阶段和移除后阶段都降低了供应率。然而,在父母返回后的一小时内存在特定性别的供应模式,因为在雌性被释放后,雄性开始以相对较高的速率供应,然后在移除后的一小时内保持该速率,而在雄性被释放后,雌性开始以低速率提供,但此后显着增加。对后代健康没有长期影响,这可能反映了父母被移除的时间很短,因此我们得出结论,有双亲照顾的父母会调整他们的供给率以成功克服非常短期的照顾减少。两性在搬迁阶段和搬迁后阶段都降低了供应率。然而,在父母返回后的一小时内存在特定性别的供应模式,因为在雌性被释放后,雄性开始以相对较高的速率供应,然后在移除后的一小时内保持该速率,而在雄性被释放后,雌性开始以低速率提供,但此后显着增加。对后代健康没有长期影响,这可能反映了父母被移除的时间很短,因此我们得出结论,有双亲照顾的父母会调整他们的供给率以成功克服非常短期的照顾减少。两性在搬迁阶段和搬迁后阶段都降低了供应率。然而,在父母返回后的一小时内存在特定性别的供应模式,因为在雌性被释放后,雄性开始以相对较高的速率供应,然后在移除后的一小时内保持该速率,而在雄性被释放后,雌性开始以低速率提供,但此后显着增加。对后代健康没有长期影响,这可能反映了父母被移除的时间很短,因此我们得出结论,有双亲照顾的父母会调整他们的供给率以成功克服非常短期的照顾减少。在父本返回后一小时内的特定性别供应模式,因为在雌性被释放后,雄性开始以相对较高的速率进行供应,然后在移除后的一小时内保持该速率,而在雄性被释放后,雌性开始以较低的速率进行供应但此后显着增加。对后代健康没有长期影响,这可能反映了父母被移除的时间很短,因此我们得出结论,有双亲照顾的父母会调整他们的供给率以成功克服非常短期的照顾减少。在父本返回后一小时内的特定性别供应模式,因为在雌性被释放后,雄性开始以相对较高的速率进行供应,然后在移除后的一小时内保持该速率,而在雄性被释放后,雌性开始以较低的速率进行供应但之后显着增加。对后代健康没有长期影响,这可能反映了父母被移除的时间很短,因此我们得出结论,有双亲照顾的父母会调整他们的供给率以成功克服非常短期的照顾减少。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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