Physical activity improves overall health and reduces the risk of many negative health outcomes and may be effective in improving cognition, independent functioning, and psychological health in older adults. Given the evidence linking physical activity with improvements in various aspects of health and functioning, interventions exploring pathways for decreasing risk of dementia in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and improving outcomes for those with dementia are of critical importance. The present review highlights the work examining physical activity interventions in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits of physical activity for individuals experiencing cognitive decline. The primary focus is on aerobic exercise as this is the main intervention in the literature. Our review supports the thesis that physical activity can promote healthy aging in terms of cognition, independent functioning, and psychological health for individuals experiencing cognitive decline. Specifically, physical activity improves cognition, especially executive functioning and memory in MCI, independent functioning in MCI and dementia, and psychological health in dementia. Given that benefits of physical activity have been observed across these domains, such interventions provide an avenue for preventing decline and/or mitigating impairment across several domains of functioning in older adults with MCI or dementia and may be recommended (and adjusted) for patients across a range of settings, including medical and mental health settings. Further implications for clinical intervention and future directions for research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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体育活动在MCI和痴呆症中的潜在益处。

进行体育锻炼可以改善整体健康状况，并减少许多负面健康后果的风险，并且可以有效改善老年人的认知，独立功能和心理健康。鉴于将体育锻炼与健康和功能各个方面的改善联系起来的证据，探索降低轻度认知障碍（MCI）痴呆症风险和改善痴呆症患者结局的途径的干预措施至关重要。本综述重点介绍了检查体育锻炼干预措施的工作，以便全面了解体育锻炼对经历认知能力下降的个体的潜在好处。主要关注有氧运动，因为这是文献中的主要干预措施。我们的评论支持这样的论点，即体育活动可以促进认知能力下降的个体在认知，独立功能和心理健康方面的健康衰老。具体而言，体育锻炼可以改善认知，尤其是MCI中的执行功能和记忆，MCI和痴呆症中的独立功能以及痴呆症中的心理健康。鉴于已在这些领域中观察到了体育锻炼的益处，因此此类干预措施为预防MCI或痴呆的老年人在多个功能领域中的衰退和/或缓解功能障碍提供了途径，并且可能为跨领域的患者推荐（并调整）设置范围，包括医疗和心理健康设置。讨论了对临床干预的进一步意义以及未来的研究方向。