Human rhinoviruses (RV) are a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections with substantial morbidity and mortality in some patients. Nevertheless, the genetic basis of susceptibility to RV in humans has been relatively understudied. Experimental infections of mice and in vitro infections of human cells have indicated that various pathogen recognition receptors (TLRs, RIG-I, and MDA5) regulate innate immune responses to RV. However, deficiency of MDA5 is the only one among these so far uncovered that confers RV susceptibility in humans. Other work has shown increased RV susceptibility in patients with a polymorphism in CDHR3 that encodes the cellular receptor for RV-C entry. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the genetic determinants of human RV susceptibility in the context of what is known about RV biology.

人类鼻病毒（RV）是呼吸道感染的常见原因，在某些患者中发病率和死亡率很高。然而，人类对RV易感性的遗传基础已被相对研究不足。小鼠的实验性感染和人细胞的体外感染表明，各种病原体识别受体（TLR，RIG-1和MDA5）调节对RV的固有免疫应答。然而，MDA5的缺乏是迄今发现的唯一可赋予人类RV敏感性的因素之一。其他工作表明CDHR3多态性患者的RV敏感性增加编码用于RV-C进入的细胞受体。在这里，我们在已知的RV生物学的背景下，全面回顾了人类RV易感性的遗传决定因素。