Advances in neuroimaging open up the possibility for new powerful tools to be developed that potentially can be applied to clinical populations to improve the diagnosis of neurological disorders, including sleep disorders. At present, the diagnosis of narcolepsy and primary hypersomnias is largely limited to subjective assessments and objective measurements of behavior and sleep physiology. In this review, we focus on recent neuroimaging findings that provide insight into the neural basis of narcolepsy and the primary hypersomnias Kleine-Levin syndrome and idiopathic hypersomnia. We describe the role of neuroimaging in confirming previous genetic, neurochemical, and neurophysiological findings and highlight studies that permit a greater understanding of the symptoms of these sleep disorders. We conclude by considering some of the remaining challenges to overcome, the existing knowledge gaps, and the potential role for neuroimaging in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical features of narcolepsy and primary hypersomnias.

中文翻译：

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发作性睡病和原发性失眠症的神经影像学。

神经影像学的进步为开发新的强大工具提供了可能性，这些新工具可以应用于临床人群，以改善对包括睡眠障碍在内的神经系统疾病的诊断。目前，发作性睡病和原发性失眠的诊断主要限于行为和睡眠生理的主观评估和客观测量。在这篇综述中，我们关注于最近的神经影像学发现，这些发现为发作性睡病的神经基础以及原发性失眠症Kleine-Levin综合征和特发性失眠症提供了见识。我们描述了神经影像学在确认先前的遗传，神经化学和神经生理学发现中的作用，并重点介绍了可以更好地了解这些睡眠障碍症状的研究。