Genetic alterations identified across several paediatric and adult brain tumours reveal recurrent disruption of active chromatin landscapes and dysregulation of transcriptional programmes. Noncoding elements, specifically enhancers, are central to these mechanisms, and are influenced by developmental and neural gene regulatory signatures. Epigenomic and transcriptomic methods and techniques have facilitated detection of active enhancers, and characterization of brain tumours integrated with genomic structural information. These datasets have provided new insights into the mechanisms of transcriptional control that are profoundly altered in childhood and adult brain cancer; offering new ideas and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of active transcriptional programmes of brain cancer, their impact on tumour development, and research areas for further exploration.

中文翻译：

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转录增强子在脑癌中的作用和贡献

在几个儿童和成人脑肿瘤中发现的遗传改变揭示了活跃染色质景观的反复破坏和转录程序的失调。非编码元件，特别是增强子，是这些机制的核心，并受发育和神经基因调控特征的影响。表观基因组学和转录组学方法和技术促进了活性增强子的检测，以及与基因组结构信息相结合的脑肿瘤表征。这些数据集为儿童和成人脑癌中发生深刻变化的转录控制机制提供了新的见解；为治疗干预提供新的思路和分子靶点。