Environmental DNA damaging agents continuously challenge the integrity of the genome by introducing a variety of DNA lesions. The DNA damage caused by environmental factors will lead to mutagenesis and subsequent carcinogenesis if they are not removed efficiently by repair pathways. Methods for detection of DNA damage and repair can be applied to identify, visualize, and quantify the DNA damage formation and repair events, and they enable us to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage formation, DNA repair pathways, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. Ever since the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, a great number of methods have been developed to detect various types of DNA damage and repair. Rapid advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated the emergence of a variety of novel methods for detecting environmentally induced DNA damage and repair at the genome‐wide scale during the last decade. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the development of various damage detection methods. We also highlight the current methodologies to detect DNA damage and repair, especially some next generation sequencing‐based methods.

中文翻译：

---

检测环境诱导的 DNA 损伤和修复的方法。

环境 DNA 损伤剂通过引入各种 DNA 损伤不断挑战基因组的完整性。由环境因素引起的 DNA 损伤如果不能通过修复途径有效去除，将导致突变和随后的致癌作用。DNA 损伤和修复的检测方法可用于识别、可视化和量化 DNA 损伤形成和修复事件，它们使我们能够说明 DNA 损伤形成、DNA 修复途径、诱变和致癌的分子机制。自 1953 年发现 DNA 的双螺旋结构以来，已经开发了大量的方法来检测各种类型的 DNA 损伤和修复。在过去的十年中，测序技术的快速进步促进了各种新方法的出现，以检测环境诱导的 DNA 损伤和全基因组范围内的修复。在这篇综述中，我们提供了各种损伤检测方法发展的历史概述。我们还强调了当前检测 DNA 损伤和修复的方法，尤其是一些基于下一代测序的方法。