Sickness effects on social interactions depend on the type of behaviour and relationship,Journal of Animal Ecology

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Sickness effects on social interactions depend on the type of behaviour and relationship
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13193
Sebastian Stockmaier _{1,

2} , Daniel I Bolnick _{1,

3} , Rachel A Page ₂ , Gerald G Carter _{2,

4}

Affiliation

(1) Infections can change social behaviour in multiple ways, with profound impacts on pathogen transmission. However, these impacts might depend on the type of behaviour, how sociality as a biological trait is defined (e.g. network degree versus mean edge strength), and the type of social relationship between the interacting individuals. (2) We used the highly social common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) to test how an immune challenge by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections affects two different social behaviors and three alternate measures of sociality, and whether the LPS effect differs by kinship relationship. (3) Effects of sickness should be lower for social behaviours that bestow greater benefits to inclusive fitness, such as food sharing. As predicted, immune-challenged bats experienced a greater reduction in allogrooming received than food sharing received. (4) Sickness effects might also depend on how a social interaction is defined (e.g. the number of grooming partners versus the duration of grooming events). We predicted that sickness would impact both the number and duration of social encounters, but we only detected a decrease in the number of grooming partners. (5) Finally, sickness effects might vary with social relationship type. We predicted that sickness effects should be smaller for interactions among close kin. As expected, the immune-challenge had smaller effects on mother-offspring interactions. (6) In conclusion, our results highlight the need to explicitly consider how the effects of sickness on social network structure can differ depending on the "who, what, and how" of social interactions, because these factors are likely to influence how sickness behaviour alters pathogen transmission.

中文翻译：

疾病对社交互动的影响取决于行为和关系的类型

(1) 感染可以通过多种方式改变社会行为，对病原体传播产生深远影响。然而，这些影响可能取决于行为的类型、作为生物特征的社会性如何定义（例如网络度与平均边缘强度）以及相互作用的个体之间的社会关系类型。(2) 我们使用高度社会化的常见吸血蝙蝠 (Desmodus rotundus) 来测试注射脂多糖 (LPS) 的免疫挑战如何影响两种不同的社会行为和三种不同的社会性措施，以及 LPS 效应是否因亲属关系而异。(3) 对于能够为包容性健身带来更大好处的社会行为，例如食物共享，疾病的影响应该较低。正如预测的那样，与接受食物分享相比，免疫挑战的蝙蝠接受的同种异体训练减少得更多。(4) 疾病影响也可能取决于社交互动的定义方式（例如，美容伙伴的数量与美容事件的持续时间）。我们预测疾病会影响社交的次数和持续时间，但我们只发现美容伙伴的数量减少。(5) 最后，疾病效应可能因社会关系类型而异。我们预测，对于近亲之间的相互作用，疾病影响应该更小。正如预期的那样，免疫挑战对母子相互作用的影响较小。(6) 总之，我们的结果强调需要明确考虑疾病对社交网络结构的影响如何因“谁、什么和如何”而异

更新日期：2020-03-20

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