T cells are classically recognized as distinct subsets that express αβ or γδ TCRs. We identify a novel population of T cells that coexpress αβ and γδ TCRs in mice and humans. These hybrid αβ-γδ T cells arose in the murine fetal thymus by day 16 of ontogeny, underwent αβ TCR–mediated positive selection into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, and constituted up to 10% of TCRδ+ cells in lymphoid organs. They expressed high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-23R and secreted IFN-γ, IL-17, and GM-CSF in response to canonically restricted peptide antigens or stimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. Hybrid αβ-γδ T cells were transcriptomically distinct from conventional γδ T cells and displayed a hyperinflammatory phenotype enriched for chemokine receptors and homing molecules that facilitate migration to sites of inflammation. These proinflammatory T cells promoted bacterial clearance after infection with Staphylococcus aureus and, by licensing encephalitogenic Th17 cells, played a key role in the development of autoimmune disease in the central nervous system.

中文翻译：

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小鼠和人类中促炎性 T 细胞群共表达 αβ 和 γδ T 细胞受体

T 细胞通常被认为是表达 αβ 或 γδ TCR 的独特亚群。我们在小鼠和人类体内鉴定出一种新的 T 细胞群，可共表达 αβ 和 γδ TCR。这些杂交 αβ-γδ T 细胞在个体发育第 16 天时在小鼠胎儿胸腺中产生，经历 αβ TCR 介导的阳性选择，形成 CD4+ 或 CD8+ 胸腺细胞，并构成淋巴器官中高达 10% 的 TCRδ+ 细胞。它们表达高水平的 IL-1R1 和 IL-23R，并分泌 IFN-γ、IL-17 和 GM-CSF，以响应规范限制性肽抗原或 IL-1β 和 IL-23 的刺激。杂交 αβ-γδ T 细胞在转录组学上与传统 γδ T 细胞不同，并表现出富含趋化因子受体和促进迁移至炎症部位的归巢分子的高炎症表型。这些促炎性 T 细胞在感染金黄色葡萄球菌后促进细菌清除，并通过许可致脑炎 Th17 细胞，在中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病的发展中发挥关键作用。