Objective: This is a systematic review of the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on stem cell differentiation.

Background Data: Recent studies have investigated several types of stem cells from different sources in the body. These stem cells should strictly be certified and promoted for cell therapies before being used in medical applications. LIPUS has been used extensively in treatment centers and in research to promote stem cell differentiation, function, and proliferation.

Materials and Methods: The databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for abstracts and full-text scientific papers published from 1989-2019 that reported the application of LIPUS on stem cell differentiation. Related English language articles were found using the following defined keywords: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, stem cell, differentiation. Criteria for inclusion in the review were: LIPUS with frequencies of 1–3 MHz and pulsed ultrasound intensity of <500 mW/cm2. Duration, exposure time, and cell sources were taken into consideration.

Results: Fifty-two articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Most articles demonstrated that the application of LIPUS had positive effects on stem cell differentiation. However, some authors recommended that LIPUS combined with other physical therapy aides was more effective in stem cell differentiation.

Conclusion: LIPUS significantly increases the level of stem cell differentiation in cells derived mainly from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. There is a need for further studies to analyze the effect of LIPUS on cells derived from other sources, particularly adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, for treating hard diseases, such as osteoporosis and diabetic foot ulcer. Due to a lack of reporting on standard LIPUS parameters in the field, more experiments comparing the protocols for standardization of LIPUS parameters are needed to establish the best protocol, which would allow for the best results.

目的：这是对低强度脉冲超声（LIPUS）对干细胞分化的影响的系统综述。

背景资料：最近的研究已经研究了几种来自人体不同来源的干细胞。这些干细胞在用于医学应用之前，应经过严格认证并推广用于细胞疗法。LIPUS已广泛用于治疗中心和研究中，以促进干细胞的分化，功能和增殖。

材料和方法：检索PubMed，Google Scholar和Scopus数据库中的1989-2019年发表的摘要和全文科学论文，这些论文报道了LIPUS在干细胞分化中的应用。使用以下定义的关键字找到了相关的英语文章：低强度脉冲超声，干细胞，分化。纳入标准包括：LIPUS，频率为1-3 MHz，脉冲超声强度<500 mW / cm2。持续时间，暴露时间和细胞来源均已考虑在内。

结果：根据纳入标准，选择了52篇文章。大多数文章证明，LIPUS的应用对干细胞分化具有积极作用。但是，一些作者建议LIPUS结合其他物理治疗助手在干细胞分化方面更有效。

结论：LIPUS可显着提高主要来源于骨髓间充质干细胞的干细胞分化水平。需要进一步的研究来分析LIPUS对源自其他来源的细胞，特别是来自脂肪组织的间充质干细胞的作用，以治疗硬性疾病，例如骨质疏松症和糖尿病足溃疡。由于该领域缺乏有关标准LIPUS参数的报告，因此需要进行更多的实验来比较LIPUS参数标准化的协议，以建立最佳协议，从而获得最佳结果。