Constraints Shape Cell Function and Morphology by Canalizing the Developmental Path along the Waddington's Landscape.,BioEssays

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Constraints Shape Cell Function and Morphology by Canalizing the Developmental Path along the Waddington's Landscape.
BioEssays ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 , DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900108
Mariano Bizzarri ₁ , Alessandro Giuliani ₂ , Mirko Minini _{1,

3} , Noemi Monti _{1,

3} , Alessandra Cucina _{3,

4}

Affiliation

Studies performed in absence of gravitational constraint show that a living system is unable to choose between two different phenotypes, thus leading cells to segregate into different, alternative stable states. This finding demonstrates that the genotype does not determine by itself the phenotype but requires additional, physical constraints to finalize cell differentiation. Constraints belong to two classes: holonomic (independent of the system's dynamical states, as being established by the space-time geometry of the field) and non-holonomic (modified during those biological processes to which they contribute in shaping). This latter kind of "constraints", in which dynamics works on the constraint to recreate them, have emerged as critical determinants of self-organizing systems, by manifesting a "closure of constraints." Overall, the constraints act by harnessing the "randomness" represented by the simultaneous presence of equiprobable events restraining the system within one attractor. These results cast doubt on the mainstream scientific concept and call for a better understanding of causation in cell biology.

中文翻译：

通过沿Waddington的景观渠化发展路径，限制形状细胞的功能和形态。

在没有重力约束的情况下进行的研究表明，活体系统无法在两种不同的表型之间进行选择，从而导致细胞分离成不同的替代稳定状态。该发现表明基因型本身不能决定表型，而是需要附加的物理约束来完成细胞分化。约束分为两类：完整的（独立于系统的动态状态，由场的时空几何结构确定）和非完整的（在其促成成形的生物过程中进行了修改）。后一种“约束”是通过约束的闭合而动态地作用于约束以重新创建约束的，已成为自组织系统的关键决定因素。总体而言，约束是通过利用“随机性”来表现的，“随机性”是将等概率事件同时存在限制在一个吸引子内而表示的。这些结果使人们对主流科学概念产生怀疑，并呼吁人们更好地了解细胞生物学的因果关系。

更新日期：2020-03-26

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