OBJECTIVE Using a conceptual model of postpartum depression risk in Latinas including both contextual and cultural stressors, we tested contributions to depressive symptom levels and trajectories over the course of 1 year following birth in a community sample of Latinas. METHOD A multisite sample of low-income U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinas (n = 537; M age = 25.70) was interviewed on many topics including measures of stress and maternal health at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Nested multilevel growth curve models were implemented to test associations of contextual stressors (poverty, domestic violence) with trajectories of depressive symptoms, adjusting for confounds. This model was compared to 1 that added cultural stress variables (everyday discrimination, foreign-born status, language preference, age at immigration) measured 1-month postpartum. RESULTS The best fitting model provided evidence for the independent effects of cultural and contextual stressors. Discrimination (β = .13 SE = .02, p = < .001) and domestic violence (β = .39 SE = .09, p = < .001) predicted trajectories with higher levels of depressive symptoms 1 month postpartum, but not linear change in symptoms over the year. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that discrimination, a cultural factor, and domestic violence, a contextual factor, each predict higher levels of early postpartum depressive symptoms. Interventions addressing discrimination and maternal safety are recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

低收入拉丁裔的产后抑郁症状：文化和背景因素。

目的 使用包括背景和文化压力源在内的拉丁裔产后抑郁风险概念模型，我们在拉丁裔社区样本中测试了出生后一年内抑郁症状水平和轨迹的影响。方法 对美国出生和外国出生的低收入拉丁裔（n = 537；M 年龄 = 25.70）的多地点样本进行了采访，涉及许多主题，包括产后 1、6 和 12 个月的压力和孕产妇健康指标。采用嵌套多级增长曲线模型来测试背景压力源（贫困、家庭暴力）与抑郁症状轨迹的关联，并针对混杂因素进行调整。该模型与添加了产后 1 个月测量的文化压力变量（日常歧视、外国出生身份、语言偏好、移民年龄）的 1 模型进行了比较。结果最佳拟合模型为文化和背景压力源的独立影响提供了证据。歧视 (β = .13 SE = .02, p = < .001) 和家庭暴力 (β = .39 SE = .09, p = < .001) 预测产后 1 个月抑郁症状水平较高的轨迹，但并非如此一年中症状呈线性变化。结论 本研究提供的证据表明，文化因素歧视和环境因素家庭暴力均预测产后早期抑郁症状的水平较高。建议采取干预措施解决歧视和孕产妇安全问题。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。