The ribosome is an essential organelle in charge of the translational processes in all kinds of cells. Currently, the scenario of its function has been significantly expanded from the classic machine for protein synthesis to a regulatory platform for quality control to maintain the protein homeostasis in a living cell. The ribosome is much more than a mechanical device with a static structure: it is inherently dynamic in structure and function, especially in response to the environmental fluctuations. Considerable effort has been made to regulate its structure and physiological function by engineering the components of a ribosome. The findings of the pioneering studies significantly deepened our understanding of a ribosome and exemplified how a ribosome could be engineered for biotechnology purposes in the era of synthetic biology. The engineering of ribosome offered highly accessible methods capable of comprehensively optimizing the performance of strains of industrial importance. In this article, the relevant recent advances were systematically reviewed.

中文翻译：

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设计用于生物技术应用的转换机械。

核糖体是负责各种细胞翻译过程的重要细胞器。目前，其功能已从经典的蛋白质合成机器扩展到用于质量控制以维持活细胞中蛋白质稳态的调节平台。核糖体不仅仅是具有静态结构的机械装置：它在结构和功能上固有地是动态的，尤其是对环境波动的响应。通过工程化核糖体的成分，已经做出了相当大的努力来调节其结构和生理功能。开创性研究的发现极大地加深了我们对核糖体的了解，并例证了在合成生物学时代如何为生物技术目的设计核糖体。核糖体工程提供了高度可访问的方法，能够全面优化具有工业重要性的菌株的性能。在本文中，系统地回顾了相关的最新进展。