Sweat has been associated with health and disease ever since it was linked to high body temperature and exercise. It contains a broad range of electrolytes, proteins, and lipids, and therefore hosts a broad panel of potential noninvasive biomarkers. The development of novel smartphone-based biosensors will enable a more sophisticated, patient-driven sweat analysis. This will provide a broad range of novel digital biomarkers. Digital biomarkers are of increasing interest because they deliver various relevant longitudinal health data. To date, investigations on digital biomarkers have focused on creating objective measurements of function. Sweat analysis using smartphone-based biosensors has the potential to provide initial noninvasive metabolic feedback and therefore represents a promising complement and a source for next-generation digital biomarkers. From this viewpoint, we discuss state-of-the-art sweat research, focusing on the clinical implementation of sweat in medicine. Sweat provides biomarkers that represent direct metabolic feedback and is therefore expected to be the next generation of digital biomarkers. With regard to its broad application in various fields of medicine, we see a clear need to evolve the internet-enabled field of sweat expertise: iSudorology.

中文翻译：

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汗水作为下一代数字生物标志物的来源

自从汗水与高体温和运动有关以来，它就与健康和疾病有关。它含有广泛的电解质、蛋白质和脂质，因此拥有大量潜在的非侵入性生物标志物。基于智能手机的新型生物传感器的开发将使更复杂的、以患者为导向的汗液分析成为可能。这将提供范围广泛的新型数字生物标志物。数字生物标志物越来越受到关注，因为它们提供各种相关的纵向健康数据。迄今为止，对数字生物标志物的研究侧重于创建功能的客观测量。使用基于智能手机的生物传感器进行汗液分析有可能提供初始的无创代谢反馈，因此代表了下一代数字生物标志物的有希望的补充和来源。从这个角度来看，我们讨论了最先进的汗液研究，重点是汗液在医学中的临床应用。汗液提供了代表直接代谢反馈的生物标志物，因此有望成为下一代数字生物标志物。关于其在各个医学领域的广泛应用，我们认为有必要发展基于互联网的汗液专业领域：iSudorology。汗液提供了代表直接代谢反馈的生物标志物，因此有望成为下一代数字生物标志物。关于其在各个医学领域的广泛应用，我们认为有必要发展基于互联网的汗液专业领域：iSudorology。汗液提供了代表直接代谢反馈的生物标志物，因此有望成为下一代数字生物标志物。关于其在各个医学领域的广泛应用，我们认为有必要发展基于互联网的汗液专业领域：iSudorology。