Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma and urinary levels of GDF-15 after pediatric renal transplantation (Rtx) and in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associations to cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, GDF-15 was measured in plasma and urine from 53 children with a renal transplant and 83 children with CKD and related to cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, obesity, and cholesterol) and kidney function. Forty healthy children served as a control group. Plasma levels of GDF-15 (median and range) for a Tx (transplantation) cohort, CKD cohort, and healthy controls were, respectively, 865 ng/L (463-3039 ng/L), 508 ng/L (183-3279 ng/L), and 390 ng/L (306-657 ng/L). The CKD and Tx cohorts both had significantly higher GDF-15 levels than the control group (). Univariate associations between GDF-15 and hyperuricemia (), elevated triglycerides (), low HDL (), and obesity () were found. However, mGFR () and hemoglobin () were the only significant predictors of GDF-15 in an adjusted analysis. Urinary GDF-15/creatinine ratios were 448 ng/mmol (74–5013 ng/mmol) and 540 ng/mmol (5–14960 ng/mmol) in the Tx cohort and CKD cohort, respectively. In the CKD cohort, it was weakly correlated to mGFR (, ). Plasma levels of GDF-15 are elevated in children with CKD and after Rtx. The levels were not associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors but strongly associated with renal function.

中文翻译：

---

慢性肾脏病患儿和肾脏移植后的生长分化因子15。

生长分化因子15（GDF-15）与心血管疾病（CVD）密切相关。我们研究的目的是评估小儿肾移植（Rtx）以及患有慢性肾脏病（CKD）的儿童的血浆和尿液中GDF-15的含量及其与心血管危险因素的关系。在这项横断面研究中，对53例肾移植患儿和83例CKD患儿的血浆和尿液中的GDF-15进行了测量，并与心血管危险因素（高血压，肥胖和胆固醇）和肾功能有关。40名健康儿童作为对照组。Tx（移植）队列，CKD队列和健康对照组的血浆GDF-15（中位数和范围）分别为865 ng / L（463-3039 ng / L），508 ng / L（183-3279） ng / L）和390 ng / L（306-657 ng / L）。）。GDF-15与高尿酸血症之间的单变量关联（），甘油三酸酯（），低HDL（）和肥胖症（）被发现。但是，mGFR（）和血红蛋白（）是经调整分析中GDF-15的唯一重要预测指标。在Tx队列和CKD队列中，尿GDF-15 /肌酐比分别为448 ng / mmol（74-5013 ng / mmol）和540 ng / mmol（5-14960 ng / mmol）。在CKD队列中，它被弱相关到MGFR（ ， ）。CKD患儿和Rtx后血浆GDF-15水平升高。该水平与传统的心血管危险因素无关，但与肾功能密切相关。