Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are widespread in nature and represent a serious public and environmental problem. In the present study, we report for the first time the presence of bacterial β-lactamases in two macroinvertebrate species with different feeding traits. The class A β-lactamases, SHV-1 and TEM-1, were found in Citrobacter freundii isolated from Gammarus elvirae and Escherichia coli from water samples, respectively. The metallo-β-lactamase CphA was found in Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from the predator Dina lineata. The presence of a large plasmid was ascertained only in E. coli strains isolated from water. In all strains studied, an integrase I typical of class I integrin was found. In contaminated freshwater habitats, ARB and antibiotic resistance genes could be disseminated through trophic links with important ecological implications. Transmission through the food chain may contribute to spreading and transferring antibiotic resistance not only in freshwater ecosystems but also outside the aquatic habitat.

中文翻译：

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首次在抗药性大肠杆菌，弗氏柠檬酸杆菌和气单胞菌中鉴定出β-内酰胺酶。隔绝在小河中的无脊椎动物在意大利中部地区。

抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）在自然界很普遍，代表着严重的公共和环境问题。在本研究中，我们首次报道了两种具有不同摄食特性的大型无脊椎动物物种中细菌β-内酰胺酶的存在。在分别从水样伽马氏杆菌和大肠杆菌分离的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌中发现了A类β-内酰胺酶SHV-1和TEM-1 。金属维他命β-内酰胺酶CphA存在于从捕食者迪娜系分离的维罗纳气单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌菌株中。仅在大肠杆菌中确定大质粒的存在从水中分离出的菌株。在所有研究的菌株中，均发现了典型的I类整合素整合酶I。在受污染的淡水生境中，ARB和抗生素抗性基因可以通过营养联系传播，具有重要的生态意义。通过食物链的传播不仅有助于在淡水生态系统中而且在水生生境之外传播和转移抗生素抗性。