Cryoablation has become a popular modality to treat a variety of malignant tumors in solid organs and soft tissues. In the future, the use of cryoablation should focus on its abscopal effect. The present review discusses the increased immune response triggered by cryoablation alone or by cryoablation combined with immunotherapies, which can improve the immune response and limit immunosuppression. First, cryoablative techniques should be improved to increase the area of necrosis and reduce the area of apoptosis. Second, cryoablation should be combined with immunotherapies, for example, cyclophosphamide, natural killer cells, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, and programmed death receptor 1 (PD)-1 inhibitors. Cryoablation could also be combined with Hydrogen gas molecules, which were shown recently to stimulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, thereby promoting mitochondrial function, which might rescue exhausted CD8+ T cells, leading to prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

中文翻译：

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冷冻消融的未来：异位效应

冷冻消融已成为治疗实体器官和软组织中各种恶性肿瘤的流行方式。未来，冷冻消融的使用应侧重于其远隔效应。本综述讨论了单独冷冻消融或冷冻消融联合免疫疗法引发的免疫反应增强，这可以改善免疫反应并限制免疫抑制。首先，应改进冷冻消融技术，增加坏死面积，减少凋亡面积。其次，冷冻消融应与免疫疗法相结合，例如环磷酰胺、自然杀伤细胞、粒细胞单核细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原（CTLA）-4、程序性死亡受体1（PD）- 1 抑制剂。冷冻消融也可以与氢气分子结合，