Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic in developed countries, leading to a host of medical conditions that contribute to increased morbidity and premature death. The causes of obesity in childhood and adolescence are complex and multifaceted, presenting researchers and clinicians with myriad challenges in preventing and managing the problem. This article reviews the state of the science for understanding the etiology of childhood obesity, the preventive interventions and treatment options for overweight and obesity, and the medical complications and co-occurring psychological conditions that result from excess adiposity, such as hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression. Interventions across the developmental span, varying risk levels, and service contexts (e.g.,community, school, home, health care systems) are reviewed. Future directions for research are offered with an emphasis on translational issues for taking evidence-based interventions to scale in a manner that will reduce the public health burden of the childhood obesity pandemic.

中文翻译：

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儿童肥胖及其心理和健康合并症的预防和管理。


儿童肥胖已成为发达国家的全球流行病，导致一系列医疗状况，导致发病率增加和过早死亡。儿童和青少年肥胖的原因复杂且多方面，给研究人员和临床医生在预防和管理该问题方面带来了无数挑战。本文回顾了了解儿童肥胖病因的科学现状、超重和肥胖的预防干预措施和治疗方案，以及过度肥胖导致的医疗并发症和并发心理状况，如高血压、非酒精性脂肪肝疾病和抑郁症。审查了跨越发展跨度、不同风险水平和服务环境（例如社区、学校、家庭、医疗保健系统）的干预措施。提供了未来的研究方向，重点是采取循证干预措施的转化问题，以减轻儿童肥胖流行病的公共卫生负担。