BACKGROUND Timely initiation of breastfeeding or breastfeeding within 60 min of birth has been shown to be associated with significantly lower risk of infant mortality. The World Health Organization recommends starting breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, yet many women in sub-Saharan Africa do not observe this recommendation. To date, there is limited evidence of timely initiation of breastfeeding for Zimbabwe. Therefore, we undertook this study with the aim of calculating the trend in timely initiation of breastfeeding and to explore the correlates. METHODS We used five rounds of Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data conducted between 1999 and 2015. Participants were 15,923 mothers currently breastfeeding or who had a childbirth within five years preceding the surveys. Outcome variable was self-reported timing of timely breastfeeding for singleton births which was categorized as early (< 60 min), late (≥ 60 min to < 2 4 h) and very late (≥ 24 h). RESULTS Prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding was 60.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 57.44, 63.02) in 1999, 66.9% (95% CI 64.32, 69.4) in 2006, 65.8% (95% CI 63.7, 67.8) in 2011 and 58.3% (95% CI 56.3, 60.4) in 2015. It increased by 27 and 22% in 2006 and 2011 compared with that of the 1999 level respectively. We found no socio-economic and gender-based differentials in the prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding. Compared with women aged 15-19 years old, women 25-29 and 30-34 years old had higher odds of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding. The odds of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding among Muslim women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.07, 1.36) was 20% higher when compared with Christian mothers. Women who wanted to have their last child later (aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81, 0.97) had 11% lower odd of practicing timely initiation of breastfeeding when compared with women who wanted children then. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Zimbabwe was 58.3% in 2015, well over the 50% target recommended by WHO for all countries to attain by 2025.

中文翻译：

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津巴布韦及时开始母乳喂养：1994-2015 年人口和健康调查的证据。


背景 及时开始母乳喂养或在出生后 60 分钟内母乳喂养已被证明与显着降低婴儿死亡风险相关。世界卫生组织建议在出生后一小时内开始母乳喂养，但撒哈拉以南非洲地区的许多妇女并未遵守这一建议。迄今为止，关于津巴布韦及时开始母乳喂养的证据有限。因此，我们开展这项研究的目的是计算及时开始母乳喂养的趋势并探讨其相关性。方法 我们使用了 1999 年至 2015 年间进行的五轮津巴布韦人口和健康调查数据。参与者是 15,923 名目前正在母乳喂养或在调查前五年内生育过的母亲。结果变量是单胎出生者自我报告的及时母乳喂养时间，分为早期（< 60 分钟）、晚期（≥ 60 分钟至 < 2·4 小时）和极晚（≥ 24 小时）。结果 1999 年及时开始母乳喂养的比例为 60.3%（95% 置信区间 [CI] 57.44, 63.02），2006 年为 66.9%（95% CI 64.32, 69.4），2011 年为 65.8%（95% CI 63.7, 67.8） 2015 年为 58.3%（95% CI 56.3、60.4）。2006 年和 2011 年分别比 1999 年增加 27%和 22%。我们发现及时开始母乳喂养的流行率没有社会经济和性别差异。与15-19岁女性相比，25-29岁和30-34岁女性及时开始母乳喂养的几率更高。与基督徒母亲相比，穆斯林女性及时开始母乳喂养的几率（调整后优势比 [aOR] 1.2，95% CI 1.07，1.36）高出 20%。想要晚点生最后一个孩子的女性（aOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81, 0.97) 与当时想要孩子的女性相比，及时开始母乳喂养的几率降低了 11%。结论 2015 年，津巴布韦及时开始母乳喂养的比例为 58.3%，远高于世界卫生组织建议所有国家到 2025 年达到 50% 的目标。