Due to the rise of multidrug-resistant infections in humans, phage therapy is gaining renewed attention in Western medicine. Despite the increasing number of publications focussed on the isolation, characterization and in vitro performance of different phages, there is still a lack of concise pre-clinical information to guide the application of phage therapy in clinical practice. Nevertheless, over the last decade, efforts have been made to conduct more detailed studies of the in vivo efficacy of phages. Here, we review the most relevant in vivo studies performed in the last decade covering phage efficacy in both preclinical and clinical trials. We compare different routes of administration, dosage effect and different animal models of distinct types of infections. Moreover, insights into case studies and results from clinical trials are presented. Challenges and limitations of phage use as evidenced by the current state of research are also discussed in order to improve both the trustworthiness and success of the implementation of phage therapy.

中文翻译：

---

噬菌体治疗功效：临床前研究的最近十年回顾。

由于人类多药耐药性感染的增加，噬菌体疗法在西医界引起了新的关注。尽管越来越多的出版物致力于不同噬菌体的分离，表征和体外性能，但是仍然缺乏简洁的临床前信息来指导噬菌体疗法在临床实践中的应用。然而，在过去的十年中，已经做出努力以对噬菌体的体内功效进行更详细的研究。在这里，我们回顾了近十年来在临床前和临床试验中涉及噬菌体功效的最相关的体内研究。我们比较了不同类型的感染的不同给药途径，剂量效应和不同动物模型。此外，还提供了对案例研究和临床试验结果的见解。