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Macrofilaricides: An Unmet Medical Need for Filarial Diseases.
ACS Infectious Diseases ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00469
Natalie A Hawryluk 1
Affiliation  

Neglected parasitic helminth diseases such as onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis affect an estimated 145 million people worldwide, creating a serious health burden in endemic areas such as sub-Saharan Africa and India. Although these diseases are not usually lethal, these filarial nematodes, transmitted by blood-feeding insect vectors, cause severe debilitation and cause chronic disability to infected individuals. The adult worms can reproduce from 5 to up to 14 years, releasing millions of microfilariae, juvenile worms, over an infected individual's lifetime. The current treatments for controlling human filarial infections is focused on killing microfilariae, the earliest larval stage. Currently, there is an unmet medical need for treatments consisting of a macrofilaricidal regimen, one that targets the adult stage of the parasite, to increase the rate of elimination, allow for safe use in coendemic regions of Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa, and to provide a rapid method to resolve reinfections. Herein, recent approaches for targeting human filarial diseases are discussed, including direct acting agents to target parasitic nematodes and antibacterial approaches to target the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia.

中文翻译:

大型杀线虫剂:丝虫病的医疗需求未得到满足。

被忽视的寄生虫蠕虫病,例如盘尾丝虫病和淋巴丝虫病,在全世界估计影响了1.45亿人,在撒哈拉以南非洲和印度等流行地区造成了严重的健康负担。尽管这些疾病通常不致死,但这些由喂血昆虫媒介传播的丝状线虫会导致严重的衰弱,并给感染者造成慢性残疾。成虫蠕虫可在5到14年内繁殖,在受感染者的一生中释放出数百万条微丝aria,幼虫。当前用于控制人丝虫感染的治疗方法集中在杀死幼虫最早的阶段-微丝aria病。目前,对包括大杀虫剂疗法(针对寄生虫成年阶段)的疗法的医疗需求尚未得到满足。为了提高消除率,可以在食蟹Onochcerca volvulus和Loa loa的流行地区安全使用,并提供一种解决再感染的快速方法。在此,讨论了针对人类丝虫病的最新方法,包括针对寄生线虫的直接作用剂和针对内共生细菌Wolbachia的抗菌方法。
更新日期:2020-02-24
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