Post-void alarm systems to monitor bedwetting in nocturnal enuresis (NE) have been deemed unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to develop a safe, comfortable and non-invasive pre-void wearable alarm and associated technologies using advanced mechatronics. Each stage of development includes patient and public involvement and engagement (PPI). The early stages of the development involved children with and without NE (and parents) who were tested at a hospital under the supervision of physicians, radiologists, psychologists, and nurses. The readings of the wearable device were simultaneously compared with B-mode images and measurements, acquired from a conventional ultrasound device, and were found to correlate highly. The results showed that determining imminent voiding need is viable using non-invasive sensors. Following on from "proof of concept," a bespoke advanced mechatronics device has been developed. The device houses custom electronics, an ultrasound system, intelligent software, a user-friendly smartphone application, bedside alarm box, and a dedicated undergarment, along with a self-adhesive gel pad-designed to keep the MEMS sensors aligned with the abdomen. Testing of the device with phantoms and volunteers has been successful in determining bladder volume and associated voiding need. Five miniaturised, and therefore more ergonomic, versions of the device are being developed, with an enabled connection to the cloud platform for location independent control and monitoring. Thereafter, the enhanced device will be tested with children with NE at their homes for 14 weeks, to gain feedback relating to wearability and data collection involving the cloud platform. Graphical Abstract Design of the MyPAD advanced mechatronics system.

中文翻译：

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使用非侵入性可穿戴先进机电一体化系统和 MEMS 传感器智能自主治疗尿床：智能自主膀胱监测治疗 NE。


用于监测夜间遗尿症（NE）尿床的排尿后警报系统被认为不能令人满意。本研究的目的是利用先进的机电一体化技术开发一种安全、舒适、非侵入性的排尿前可穿戴报警器及相关技术。每个发展阶段都包括患者和公众的参与和参与 (PPI)。发展的早期阶段涉及患有和不患有 NE 的儿童（以及父母），他们在医生、放射科医生、心理学家和护士的监督下在医院接受了测试。同时将可穿戴设备的读数与从传统超声设备获取的 B 模式图像和测量结果进行比较，发现两者高度相关。结果表明，使用非侵入性传感器确定迫在眉睫的排尿需求是可行的。在“概念验证”之后，一种定制的先进机电一体化设备已经开发出来。该设备包含定制电子设备、超声系统、智能软件、用户友好的智能手机应用程序、床边报警盒、专用内衣以及自粘凝胶垫，旨在使 MEMS 传感器与腹部保持对齐。使用模型和志愿者对该装置进行的测试已成功确定膀胱容量和相关的排尿需求。正在开发该设备的五个小型化版本，因此更符合人体工程学，可连接到云平台以进行位置独立的控制和监控。此后，增强型设备将在 NE 儿童的家中进行为期 14 周的测试，以获得有关可穿戴性和涉及云平台的数据收集的反馈。 MyPAD 先进机电一体化系统的图形摘要设计。