At birth, weight of the neonate is used as a marker of the 9-month journey as a fetus. Those neonates born less than the 10th centile for their gestational age are at risk of being intrauterine growth restricted. However, this depends on their genetic potential for growth and the intrauterine environment in which they grew. Alterations in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus will decrease fetal growth, but these alterations occur due to a range of causes that are maternal, placental or fetal in nature. Consequently, IUGR neonates are a heterogeneous population. For this reason, it is likely that these neonates will respond differently to interventions compared not only to normally grown fetuses, but also to other neonates that are IUGR but have travelled a different path to get there. Thus, a range of models of IUGR should be studied to determine the effects of IUGR on the development and function of the heart and lung and subsequently the impact of interventions to improve development of these organs. Here we focus on a range of models of IUGR caused by manipulation of the maternal, placental or fetal environment on cardiorespiratory outcomes.

中文翻译：

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宫内生长受限的心肺后果：低氧血症时间、严重程度和持续时间的影响

出生时，新生儿的体重被用作胎儿 9 个月旅程的标志。出生时小于胎龄第 10 个百分位的新生儿有宫内生长受限的风险。然而，这取决于它们的遗传生长潜力和它们生长的宫内环境。胎儿氧气和营养供应的改变会降低胎儿的生长，但这些改变的发生是由一系列原因造成的，包括母体、胎盘或胎儿。因此，IUGR 新生儿是一个异质人群。出于这个原因，这些新生儿对干预措施的反应很可能不仅与正常生长的胎儿相比，而且与其他 IUGR 但经过不同途径到达那里的新生儿相比也不同。因此，应研究一系列 IUGR 模型，以确定 IUGR 对心肺发育和功能的影响，以及随后干预措施对改善这些器官发育的影响。在这里，我们专注于一系列由操纵母体、胎盘或胎儿环境对心肺结果引起的 IUGR 模型。