Instrumental conditioning involves two different processes: Goal-directed behavior, characterized by its dependence on the causal relationship between action and outcome and the sensitivity of actions to changes in the value of the outcome; and habits, characterized for its persistence and insensitivity to changes after conditioning. It is known that the dopaminergic system is involved in both kind of learning. The present experiments analyzed two animal models of Parkinson's disease. The 6-OHDA model causes selective damage of the catecholaminergic neurons, specifically affecting the dopaminergic neurons in nigro-striatal system. This model simulates degenerative process symptomatology of Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, the LPS model generates an inflammation process in the infusion area. This model simulates the early symptoms of this disorder, including neuroinflammation and microglia activation. In order to validate both parkinsonian models, we studied if 6-OHDA and LPS models cause the same behavioral effects. The results showed that the 6-OHDA model interfered with the process involved in habit formation. In contrast, animals treated with LPS showed a goal-directed learning deficit. Differences between these models could be due to the different effects on Substantia Nigra neurons. 6-OHDA model might disrupt the nigrostriatal pathway, while LPS could interfere on efferences and afferences to Substantia Nigra.

中文翻译：

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在两个帕金森氏病动物模型中，对目标定向行为和习惯的影响。

工具调节包括两个不同的过程：目标导向的行为，其特征在于其依赖于行为与结果之间的因果关系以及行为对结果价值变化的敏感性；和习惯，以适应后对变化的持久性和不敏感性为特征。众所周知，多巴胺能系统参与了两种学习。本实验分析了帕金森氏病的两种动物模型。6-OHDA模型引起儿茶酚胺能神经元的选择性损伤，特别是影响黑质纹状体系统中的多巴胺能神经元。该模型模拟帕金森氏病的退化过程症状。另一方面，LPS模型会在输液区域产生炎症过程。该模型模拟了这种疾病的早期症状，包括神经炎症和小胶质细胞活化。为了验证这两个帕金森模型，我们研究了6-OHDA和LPS模型是否引起相同的行为效应。结果表明6-OHDA模型干扰了习惯形成过程。相反，用LPS治疗的动物表现出目标导向的学习缺陷。这些模型之间的差异可能是由于对黑质黑质神经元的影响不同。6-OHDA模型可能会破坏黑质纹状体通路，而LPS可能会干扰黑质的影响。结果表明6-OHDA模型干扰了习惯形成过程。相反，用LPS治疗的动物表现出目标导向的学习缺陷。这些模型之间的差异可能是由于对黑质黑质神经元的影响不同。6-OHDA模型可能会破坏黑质纹状体通路，而LPS可能会干扰黑质的影响。结果表明6-OHDA模型干扰了习惯形成过程。相反，用LPS治疗的动物表现出目标导向的学习缺陷。这些模型之间的差异可能是由于对黑质黑质神经元的影响不同。6-OHDA模型可能会破坏黑质纹状体通路，而LPS可能会干扰黑质的影响。