PROBLEM Does programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on the T-cell subsets such as T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and Treg cells differentiate women with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL) from normal fertile women? METHOD OF STUDY The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Forty-five women with two or more RPL of unknown etiology and twenty fertile women who had at least one or more live-born infants were enrolled prospectively from Jan 2017 to Jul 2019. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on T-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS The proportions of PD-1+ Th1 (CD4+ /IFN-γ+ /CD279+ and CD4+ /TNF-α+ /CD279+ ) and PD-1+ Th17 cells (CD4+ /IL17+ /CD279+ ) were significantly lower in RPL group than those of controls (P < .05, respectively). The proportion of PD-1+ Tregs (CD4+ /CD25+ /CD127dim/- /CD279+ ) in RPL group was not different from that of controls. The proportion of PD-L1+ Th17 cells (CD4+ IL17+ CD274+ ) was significantly lower as compared with that of /controls (P < .05). However, the proportions of PD-L1+ Th1 (CD4+ /IFN-γ+ /CD274+ and CD4+ /TNF-α+ /CD274+ ) and PD-L1+ Treg (CD4+ /CD25+ /CD127dim/- /CD274+ ) cells were not different between the RPL group and controls (P > .05, respectively). In Th1, Th17 and Treg cells, the proportions of PD-L1+ (CD274+ ) cells were significantly higher than those of PD-1+ (CD279+ ) cells in both RPL group and controls (P < .05, respectively). CONCLUSION PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions on Th17 cells as well as PD-1 expression on Th1 cells were significantly downregulated in women with RPL, which may lead to increased Th1 and Th17 immunity, and imbalance between Th17, Th1, and Treg cells in women with RPL.

中文翻译：

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患有无法解释的反复妊娠流产的女性T细胞亚群上的PD-1和PD-L1表达。

问题T辅助细胞（Th）1，Th17和Treg细胞等T细胞亚群上的程序性死亡1（PD-1）/程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1）表达是否能区分患有反复流产的女性（ RPL）来自正常的生育妇女？研究方法该研究被设计为前瞻性队列研究。从2017年1月至2019年7月，前瞻性纳入了45例具有两个或更多个病因不明的RPL的女性和20个至少具有一个或多个活产婴儿的可育女性。T细胞亚群上的PD-1和PD-L1表达通过流式细胞术分析测量。结果RPL组PD-1 + Th1细胞（CD4 + /IFN-γ+ / CD279 +和CD4 + /TNF-α+ / CD279 +）和PD-1 + Th17细胞（CD4 + / IL17 + / CD279 +）的比例明显低于RPL组。控件数（分别为P <.05）。RPL组中PD-1 + Tregs（CD4 + / CD25 + / CD127dim /-/ CD279 +）的比例与对照组无差异。与对照组相比，PD-L1 + Th17细胞（CD4 + IL17 + CD274 +）的比例显着降低（P <.05）。然而，PD-L1 + Th1（CD4 + /IFN-γ+ / CD274 +和CD4 + /TNF-α+ / CD274 +）和PD-L1 + Treg（CD4 + / CD25 + / CD127dim /-/ CD274 +）细胞的比例在两者之间没有差异RPL组和控件（分别为P> .05）。在Th1，Th17和Treg细胞中，RPL组和对照组中PD-L1 +（CD274 +）细胞的比例均显着高于PD-1 +（CD279 +）细胞（分别为P <.05）。结论RPL妇女的Th17细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达以及Th1细胞PD-1表达明显下调，