PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of anemia, and to evaluate the etiology and risk factors of anemia in patients with newly diagnosed cancer. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 310 patients with newly diagnosed cancer who were referred to a university hospital in Turkey over a 6-month period and 218 age-matched healthy individuals as controls were evaluated in terms of anemia: complete blood count (CBC), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TS%), serum iron (SI), cobalamin (B12), and folate levels. Carcinoma of the breast (21.3%), lung (12.9%), and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (35.8%) accounted for the majority of the patients, and 44.7% of the patients had metastatic disease. RESULTS Anemia was observed in 49.7% of patients with cancer and in 11.9% of healthy controls (p < 0.001). SI and TS% were lower in patients with cancer than in the controls (p < 0.001); however, the median serum ferritin level, which is also an acute-phase reactant, was higher in the patient group than the healthy matched controls (42.2 ng/mL and 41 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Folate and B12 deficiencies were seen more frequently in the cancer group than in the controls [6.5% and 0.9% (p < 0.001); 39.3% and 18.9% (p < 0.05), respectively]. In the cancer group, anemia was seen more frequently in the metastatic subgroup than in the non-metastatic subgroup (59.7% and 55.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). The prevalence of anemia was similar in both groups of patients with and without primary GIT cancers, as well as in patients who did and did not undergo tumor surgery (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that, at the time a patient is diagnosed as having cancer, the patient already has a significant risk for anemia, nearly five times that of healthy people. Having metastatic disease, and having nutritional deficiencies as iron, B12, and folate were evaluated as possible risk factors for anemia in patients with newly diagnosed cancer, whereas cancer with GIT localization and previous history of tumor surgery were not.

中文翻译：

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新诊断癌症患者贫血的患病率，病因和危险因素。

目的确定新诊断癌症患者的贫血患病率，并评估贫血的病因和危险因素。方法在这项横断面研究中，以贫血：全血细胞计数（CBC）评估了在6个月内转诊到土耳其大学医院的310例新诊断出的癌症患者和218例年龄相匹配的健康个体作为对照。 ），铁蛋白，转铁蛋白饱和度（TS％），血清铁（SI），钴胺素（B12）和叶酸水平。乳腺癌（21.3％），肺部（12.9％）和胃肠道（GIT）（35.8％）占大多数，其中44.7％的患者患有转移性疾病。结果在49.7％的癌症患者和11.9％的健康对照者中观察到贫血（p <0.001）。癌症患者的SI和TS％低于对照组（p <0.001）；然而，患者组的血清铁蛋白中位数也是急性期反应物，高于健康对照组（分别为42.2 ng / mL和41 ng / mL，p <0.001）。与对照组相比，在癌症组中叶酸和B12缺乏症的发生率更高[6.5％和0.9％（p <0.001）；分别为39.3％和18.9％（p <0.05）]。在癌症组中，转移性亚组的贫血发生率高于非转移性亚组（分别为59.7％和55.3％，p <0.05）。在患有和不患有原发性GIT癌症的两组患者中，以及在接受和未接受肿瘤手术的患者中，贫血的患病率均相似（p> 0.05）。结论这项研究表明，在诊断出患者患有癌症时，该患者已经有明显的贫血风险，几乎是健康人的五倍。患有转移性疾病以及铁，维生素B12和叶酸的营养缺乏被评估为新诊断癌症患者贫血的可能危险因素，而具有GIT定位和既往肿瘤手术史的癌症则没有。