Due to the abundant research on the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and the strict regulations enacted by many health authorities, many smokers are seeking for safer and more acceptable tobacco forms. Waterpipe (also known as shisha or hookah) use has increased dramatically during the past decade, mostly due to its improved taste, lack of regulations and social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes. However, recent clinical and experimental studies indicate that waterpipe use is as, or even more, harmful than cigarettes. Although they differ in the method of consumption, waterpipe tobacco has similar deleterious constituents found in cigarettes but are generated at greater amounts. These constituents are known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, the major underlying mechanisms of a wide array of chronic pathological conditions. We review the relationship between waterpipe tobacco use and oxidative stress and the disease potential of waterpipe use.

中文翻译：

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水烟（水烟、水烟）吸烟、氧化应激和潜在的潜在疾病


由于对吸烟有害影响的大量研究以及许多卫生当局颁布的严格规定，许多吸烟者正在寻求更安全、更容易接受的烟草形式。过去十年中，水烟（也称为水烟或水烟）的使用量急剧增加，主要是由于其口味改善、缺乏法规以及作为比香烟更安全的选择而被社会接受。然而，最近的临床和实验研究表明，使用水烟的危害与香烟一样甚至更大。尽管它们的消费方法不同，但水烟具有与卷烟中类似的有害成分，但产生量更大。已知这些成分会诱发氧化应激和炎症，这是多种慢性病理状况的主要潜在机制。我们回顾了水烟烟草的使用与氧化应激以及水烟使用的疾病潜力之间的关系。