Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that are synthesized by plants to provide durable coverings for the delicate cells they encase. They are made of polysaccharides, proteins, and other biomolecules and have evolved to withstand large amounts of physical force and to resist external attack by herbivores and pathogens but can in many cases expand, contract, and undergo controlled degradation and reconstruction to facilitate developmental transitions and regulate plant physiology and reproduction. Recent advances in genetics, microscopy, biochemistry, structural biology, and physical characterization methods have revealed a diverse set of mechanisms by which plant cells dynamically monitor and regulate the composition and architecture of their cell walls, but much remains to be discovered about how the nanoscale assembly of these remarkable structures underpins the majestic forms and vital ecological functions achieved by plants. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 71 is April 29, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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植物细胞壁的动态构建、感知和重塑

植物细胞壁是由植物合成的动态结构，为它们包裹的脆弱细胞提供耐用的覆盖物。它们由多糖、蛋白质和其他生物分子组成，已经进化到能够承受大量的物理力并抵抗食草动物和病原体的外部攻击，但在许多情况下可以膨胀、收缩和进行受控降解和重建，以促进发育转变和调节植物生理和繁殖。遗传学、显微镜学、生物化学、结构生物学和物理表征方法的最新进展揭示了植物细胞动态监测和调节细胞壁组成和结构的多种机制，但是，关于这些非凡结构的纳米级组装如何支撑植物实现的雄伟形式和重要的生态功能，还有很多有待发现。《植物生物学年度评论》第 71 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2020 年 4 月 29 日。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计值。