This paper presents a novel active marker for dynamic projection mapping (PM) that emits a temporal blinking pattern of infrared (IR) light representing its ID. We used a multi-material three dimensional (3D) printer to fabricate a projection object with optical fibers that can guide IR light from LEDs attached on the bottom of the object. The aperture of an optical fiber is typically very small; thus, it is unnoticeable to human observers under projection and can be placed on a strongly curved part of a projection surface. In addition, the working range of our system can be larger than previous marker-based methods as the blinking patterns can theoretically be recognized by a camera placed at a wide range of distances from markers. We propose an automatic marker placement algorithm to spread multiple active markers over the surface of a projection object such that its pose can be robustly estimated using captured images from arbitrary directions. We also propose an optimization framework for determining the routes of the optical fibers in such a way that collisions of the fibers can be avoided while minimizing the loss of light intensity in the fibers. Through experiments conducted using three fabricated objects containing strongly curved surfaces, we confirmed that the proposed method can achieve accurate dynamic PMs in a significantly wide working range.

中文翻译：

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FibAR：将光纤嵌入3D打印对象中，以便在动态投影映射中使用主动标记。

本文提出了一种用于动态投影贴图（PM）的新型有源标记，该标记发出代表其ID的红外（IR）光的时间闪烁模式。我们使用了一种多材料三维（3D）打印机来制造带有光纤的投影对象，该光纤可以引导附着在对象底部的LED发出的红外光。光纤的孔径通常很小。因此，它在投影时对于人类观察者是不明显的，并且可以放置在投影表面的强烈弯曲的部分上。另外，我们的系统的工作范围可以比以前的基于标记的方法更大，因为理论上可以通过与标记距离较远的相机来识别眨眼模式。我们提出了一种自动标记放置算法，可以在投影对象的表面上分布多个活动标记，以便可以使用从任意方向捕获的图像来稳健地估计其姿态。我们还提出了一种优化框架，用于确定光纤的路径，从而可以避免光纤的碰撞，同时将光纤中光强度的损失降至最低。通过使用包含强烈弯曲表面的三个制造对象进行的实验，我们证实了该方法可以在相当宽的工作范围内实现精确的动态PM。我们还提出了一种优化框架，用于确定光纤的路径，从而可以避免光纤的碰撞，同时将光纤中光强度的损失降至最低。通过使用包含强烈弯曲表面的三个制造对象进行的实验，我们证实了该方法可以在相当宽的工作范围内实现精确的动态PM。我们还提出了一种优化框架，用于确定光纤的路径，从而可以避免光纤的碰撞，同时将光纤中光强度的损失降至最低。通过使用包含强烈弯曲表面的三个制造对象进行的实验，我们证实了该方法可以在相当宽的工作范围内实现精确的动态PM。