Gemella are gram-positive bacteria that rarely cause infective endocarditis (IE). This article summarizes the characteristics of a series of patients with Gemella IE. We identified cases of Gemella IE in patients aged >18 years old hospitalized at Cleveland Clinic between July 1, 2007, and January 1, 2018, within the institutional review board-approved Cleveland Clinic IE Registry. Clinical features were obtained by manual chart review. Thirteen cases of Gemella IE were identified and accounted for <1% of all cases of IE in the registry. Eight were native and 5 were prosthetic valve IE. All were left-sided. Sixty-nine percent had positive blood cultures for Gemella, but 31% were identified solely based on 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of explanted valves with sequence identification. None had positive valve cultures. All were treated surgically and survived to hospital discharge. Gemella is a rare cause of IE, albeit likely underrecognized without utilization of valve PCR.

中文翻译：

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一例病例的双歧杆菌心内膜炎。

细菌是革兰氏阳性细菌，很少引起感染性心内膜炎（IE）。本文总结了一系列Gemella IE患者的特征。我们在机构审查委员会批准的克利夫兰诊所IE注册表中确定了2007年7月1日至2018年1月1日在克利夫兰诊所住院的18岁以上的Gemella IE病例。临床特征通过手动图表检查获得。在注册表中，鉴定出13例Gemella IE病例，占所有IE病例的<1％。8个是天然瓣膜，5个是人工瓣膜IE。所有的人都是左侧的。69％的双歧杆菌血液培养呈阳性，但仅根据外植瓣膜的16S rRNA聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行序列鉴定，鉴定出31％。没有人有阳性的瓣膜文化。所有患者均接受了外科手术治疗，并存活到出院。双歧杆菌是IE的罕见病因，即使未使用瓣膜PCR的情况下也可能无法识别。