Objective: We examined behavioral and neural markers of emotion competence in young children as predictors of psychopathology, and as mediators of the relation between hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) and psychopathology. Method: At Time 1 (T1), children (n = 49; ages 4-7 years) with and without H/I symptoms completed a frustration task. Frustration, observed emotion, and neural activity (P1, N2, and P3 event-related potentials) were measured. Symptoms of psychopathology were collected 18 months later (Time 2; T2). Results: T1 lability, negative affect, and frustration predicted T2 depression and aggression symptomatology, controlling for T1 symptoms. Children with difficulty allocating neural resources during and after frustration were at risk for depression, aggression, and anxiety symptoms, controlling for earlier symptoms. P3 amplitudes during recovery mediated the relation between H/I and later depression. Conclusion: Markers of emotion competence contribute to psychopathology symptoms, particularly in children at risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Emotion competence skills may be useful intervention targets.

中文翻译：

---

情绪能力的行为和神经标记作为患有和不患有多动/冲动症状的儿童后期精神病理学的预测因子。

目标：我们检查了幼儿情绪能力的行为和神经标记，作为精神病理学的预测因子，以及作为多动/冲动 (H/I) 与精神病理学之间关系的中介。方法：在时间 1 (T1)，有和没有 H/I 症状的儿童（n = 49；年龄 4-7 岁）完成了一项挫折任务。测量了沮丧、观察到的情绪和神经活动（P1、N2 和 P3 事件相关电位）。18 个月后（时间 2；T2）收集精神病理学症状。结果：T1 不稳定性、负面影响和挫折预测了 T2 抑郁和攻击性症状，控制了 T1 症状。在受挫期间和之后难以分配神经资源的儿童有患抑郁症、攻击性和焦虑症状的风险，控制了早期症状。恢复期间的 P3 振幅介导了​​ H/I 和后来的抑郁之间的关系。结论：情绪能力的标志物有助于精神病理学症状，特别是在有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 风险的儿童中。情绪能力技能可能是有用的干预目标。