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Bicuspid Aortic Valve in 2 Model Species and Review of the Literature.
Veterinary Pathology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 , DOI: 10.1177/0300985819900018
Borja Fernández 1, 2, 3 , María Teresa Soto-Navarrete 1, 2 , Alejandro López-García 1 , Miguel Ángel López-Unzu 1, 2 , Ana Carmen Durán 1, 2 , M Carmen Fernández 1, 2
Affiliation  

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common human congenital cardiac malformation. Although the etiology is unknown for most patients, formation of the 2 main BAV anatomic types (A and B) has been shown to rely on distinct morphogenetic mechanisms. Animal models of BAV include 2 spontaneous hamster strains and 27 genetically modified mouse strains. To assess the value of these models for extrapolation to humans, we examined the aortic valve anatomy of 4340 hamsters and 1823 mice from 8 and 7 unmodified strains, respectively. In addition, we reviewed the literature describing BAV in nonhuman mammals. The incidences of BAV types A and B were 2.3% and 0.03% in control hamsters and 0% and 0.3% in control mice, respectively. Hamsters from the spontaneous model had BAV type A only, whereas mice from 2 of 27 genetically modified strains had BAV type A, 23 of 27 had BAV type B, and 2 of 27 had both BAV types. In both species, BAV incidence was dependent on genetic background. Unlike mice, hamsters had a wide spectrum of aortic valve morphologies. We showed interspecific differences in the occurrence of BAV between humans, hamsters, and mice that should be considered when studying aortic valve disease using animal models. Our results suggest that genetic modifiers play a significant role in both the morphology and incidence of BAV. We propose that mutations causing anomalies in specific cardiac morphogenetic processes or cell lineages may lead to BAV types A, B, or both, depending on additional genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors.

中文翻译:

2种模式下的双尖瓣主动脉瓣并文献复习。

双尖瓣主动脉瓣(BAV)是最常见的人类先天性心脏畸形。尽管大多数患者的病因尚不清楚,但已显示2种主要BAV解剖类型(A和B)的形成依赖于独特的形态发生机制。BAV的动物模型包括2个自发仓鼠品系和27个基因修饰的小鼠品系。为了评估这些模型对人类外推的价值,我们检查了分别来自8和7个未修饰菌株的4340仓鼠和1823小鼠的主动脉瓣解剖结构。此外,我们回顾了描述非人类哺乳动物中BAV的文献。BAV型A和B的发生率在对照仓鼠中分别为2.3%和0.03%,在对照小鼠中分别为0%和0.3%。自发模型的仓鼠只有BAV A型,而27个转基因菌株中有2个的小鼠具有BAV A型,27个中的23个具有BAV类型,而27个中的2个具有两种BAV类型。在这两个物种中,BAV的发生都取决于遗传背景。与小鼠不同,仓鼠具有广泛的主动脉瓣形态。我们显示了人类,仓鼠和小鼠之间BAV发生的种间差异,在使用动物模型研究主动脉瓣疾病时应考虑这些差异。我们的结果表明,遗传修饰剂在BAV的形态和发病率中均起着重要作用。我们建议,在特定的心脏形态发生过程或细胞谱系中引起异常的突变可能会导致BAV类型A,B或两者,这取决于其他遗传,环境和表观遗传因素。仓鼠具有各种各样的主动脉瓣形态。我们显示了人类,仓鼠和小鼠之间BAV发生的种间差异,在使用动物模型研究主动脉瓣疾病时应考虑这些差异。我们的结果表明,遗传修饰剂在BAV的形态和发病率中均起着重要作用。我们建议,在特定的心脏形态发生过程或细胞谱系中引起异常的突变可能会导致BAV类型A,B或两者,这取决于其他遗传,环境和表观遗传因素。仓鼠具有广泛的主动脉瓣形态。我们显示了人类,仓鼠和小鼠之间BAV发生的种间差异,在使用动物模型研究主动脉瓣疾病时应考虑这些差异。我们的结果表明,遗传修饰剂在BAV的形态和发病率中均起着重要作用。我们建议,在特定的心脏形态发生过程或细胞谱系中引起异常的突变可能会导致BAV类型A,B或两者,这取决于其他遗传,环境和表观遗传因素。我们的结果表明,遗传修饰剂在BAV的形态和发病率中均起着重要作用。我们建议,在特定的心脏形态发生过程或细胞谱系中引起异常的突变可能会导致BAV类型A,B或两者,这取决于其他遗传,环境和表观遗传因素。我们的结果表明,遗传修饰剂在BAV的形态和发病率中均起着重要作用。我们建议,在特定的心脏形态发生过程或细胞谱系中引起异常的突变可能会导致BAV类型A,B或两者,这取决于其他遗传,环境和表观遗传因素。
更新日期:2020-04-21
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