Our view of cancer biology radically shifted from a "cancer-cell-centric" vision to a view of cancer as an organ disease. The concept that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, at the basis of cancerogenesis, are the main if not the exclusive drivers of cancer development and the principal targets of therapy, has now evolved to include the tumor microenvironment in which tumor cells can grow, proliferate, survive, and metastasize only within a favorable environment. The interplay between cancer cells and the non-cellular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor development and evolution both at the primary site and at the level of metastasis. The shape of the tumor cells and tumor mass is the resultant of several contrasting forces either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral which have at the level of the tumor microenvironment their battle field. This crucial role of tumor microenvironment composition in cancer progression also dictates whether immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies is going to be efficacious. Hence, tumor microenvironment deconvolution has become of great relevance in order to identify biomarkers predictive of efficacy of immunotherapy. In this short paper we will briefly review the relationship between inflammation and cancer, and will summarize in 10 short points the key concepts learned so far and the open challenges to be solved.

中文翻译：

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与癌症炎症相关的生物学机制：肿瘤微环境相关生物标志物的发现及其在实体瘤中的临床应用。

我们对癌症生物学的看法已从“以癌细胞为中心”的观点从根本上转移到了将癌症作为器官疾病的观点。在癌症发生的基础上，遗传和/或表观遗传学改变是癌症发展的主要驱动力和治疗的主要目标（如果不是）的主要概念，现已演变为包括肿瘤微环境，肿瘤细胞可以在该微环境中生长，增殖。 ，生存和仅在有利的环境中转移。癌细胞与肿瘤微环境的非细胞和细胞成分之间的相互作用在肿瘤的发生和发展中在主要部位和转移水平上都起着基本作用。肿瘤细胞的形状和肿块是肿瘤形成前或抗肿瘤形成的几种对比力的结果，这些对比力在肿瘤微环境的水平上具有其战斗力。肿瘤微环境组合物在癌症进展中的关键作用还决定了使用免疫检查点抑制剂抗体的免疫疗法是否将是有效的。因此，为了鉴定可预测免疫疗法功效的生物标志物，肿瘤微环境去卷积已变得非常重要。在这篇简短的论文中，我们将简要回顾炎症与癌症之间的关系，并在10个短点中总结到目前为止所学到的关键概念以及需要解决的开放性挑战。肿瘤微环境组合物在癌症进展中的关键作用还决定了使用免疫检查点抑制剂抗体的免疫疗法是否将是有效的。因此，为了鉴定可预测免疫疗法功效的生物标志物，肿瘤微环境去卷积已变得非常重要。在这篇简短的论文中，我们将简要回顾炎症与癌症之间的关系，并在10个短点中总结到目前为止所学到的关键概念以及需要解决的开放性挑战。肿瘤微环境组合物在癌症进展中的关键作用还决定了使用免疫检查点抑制剂抗体的免疫疗法是否将是有效的。因此，为了鉴定可预测免疫疗法功效的生物标志物，肿瘤微环境去卷积已变得非常重要。在这篇简短的论文中，我们将简要回顾炎症与癌症之间的关系，并在10个短点中总结到目前为止所学到的关键概念以及需要解决的开放性挑战。