ABSTRACT

1. 1.The objective of the experiment was to analyse serum profiles of goslings with visceral gout and compare them with those of healthy individuals to identify differentially-abundant metabolites as potential biomarkers.

2. 2.Untargeted gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) metabolomic profiling was used to compare the serum metabolome of 15 goslings (Anser cygnoides) with gout and 15 healthy goslings (control).

3. 3.Goslings with gout had a metabolic profile distinct from that of the controls, with 45 metabolite levels differing significantly (VIP > 1; P < 0.05) between both groups. Nine metabolites (hydrocortisone, glucose, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, galactose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, beta-mannosylglycerate, d-glucoheptose, zymosterol, and hypoxanthine) were selected through receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis (area under curve (AUC) score ≥0.85) as potential biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolites with differing levels were mainly involved in galactose, arginine and proline and purine metabolisms.

4. 4.These results provided new insights into the pathogenesis of gout. Increased xanthine and hypoxanthine with decreased hydrocortisone provide promising biomarkers for gosling gout diagnosis. The findings suggested that hepatic metabolic disorders frequently occur in the development of avian gout.

摘要

1. 1. 实验的目的是分析患有内脏痛风的幼鹅的血清特征，并将其与健康个体的血清特征进行比较，以确定差异丰富的代谢物作为潜在的生物标志物。

2. 2.非靶向气相色谱和飞行时间质谱（GC-TOF-MS）代谢组学分析用于比较15只小鹅（Anser cygnoides）与痛风和15只健康小鹅（对照）的血清代谢组学。

3. 3. 痛风幼鹅的代谢特征与对照组不同，两组之间有 45 种代谢物水平有显着差异（VIP > 1；P < 0.05）。通过接受者操作特征 (ROC) 分析选择九种代谢物（氢化可的松、葡萄糖、反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸、半乳糖、2-脱氧-D-半乳糖、β-甘露糖基甘油酸酯、d-葡萄糖庚糖、酵母甾醇和次黄嘌呤） （曲线下面积（AUC）评分≥0.85）作为潜在的生物标志物。通路分析显示，不同水平的代谢物主要参与半乳糖、精氨酸和脯氨酸、嘌呤的代谢。

4. 4.这些结果为痛风的发病机制提供了新的认识。增加的黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤与减少的氢化可的松为小鹅痛风诊断提供了有希望的生物标志物。研究结果表明，在禽痛风的发展过程中经常发生肝脏代谢紊乱。