Summary Dioctophyma renale is the largest nematode that infects domestic mammals and is the aetiologic agent of a serious renal disease, dioctophymatosis. It has an indirect life cycle with carnivores serving as final hosts and earthworms as intermediate hosts. The parasite can infect humans with signifi cant zoonotic potential. The pathogenesis of dioctophymatosis is mainly associated with the extent of renal atrophy caused by the parasites, the risk of bilateral renal infestation and the location of the parasite (extrarenal cases). Clinical diagnosis is challenging, and the only treatment option is nephrectomy or nephrotomy to remove the adult nematode. A 6-year-old female crossbreed dog presented with tachypnea, tachycardia and severe hematuria, but died shortly after presentation. Postmortem examination found the right kidney was enlarged and two adult nematodes were found in the renal pelvis. The left kidney was normal. The nematodes were collected and submitted for identifi cation. The two specimens were identifi ed as D. renale using specific identifi cation keys. Herein we present the first case of renal parasitosis by the nematode D. renale in a dog from Greece. This case highlights the need for investigation of the actual prevalence of the parasite and the use of measures for the control of its expansion aiming the protection of dogs and public health.

中文翻译：

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巨型肾蠕虫：希腊狗肾中Dioctophyma肾虫的新报告

小结 Dioctophymanephre 是感染家养哺乳动物的最大线虫，并且是严重肾脏疾病双鱼线虫病的病原体。它有一个间接的生命周期，食肉动物作为最终宿主，蚯蚓作为中间宿主。这种寄生虫可以感染具有显着人畜共患病潜力的人类。双鱼鳞癣的发病机制主要与寄生虫引起的肾萎缩程度、双侧肾侵染的风险和寄生虫的位置（肾外病例）有关。临床诊断具有挑战性，唯一的治疗选择是肾切除术或肾切开术以去除成虫线虫。一只 6 岁雌性杂交犬出现呼吸急促、心动过速和严重血尿，但就诊后不久死亡。尸检发现右肾肿大，肾盂内发现两条成虫。左肾正常。收集线虫并提交鉴定。使用特定的识别键将这两个样本识别为 D.renale。在本文中，我们介绍了希腊一只狗中第一例由肾线虫 D.renale 引起的肾寄生虫病。本案突出表明需要调查寄生虫的实际流行情况，并采取措施控制其蔓延，以保护犬只和公众健康。在本文中，我们介绍了希腊一只狗中第一例由肾线虫 D.renale 引起的肾寄生虫病。本案突出表明需要调查寄生虫的实际流行情况，并采取措施控制其蔓延，以保护犬只和公众健康。在本文中，我们介绍了希腊一只狗中第一例由肾线虫 D.renale 引起的肾寄生虫病。本案突出表明需要调查寄生虫的实际流行情况，并采取措施控制其蔓延，以保护犬只和公众健康。