Summary Urinary schistosomosis is a serious public health problem prevalent in low-income rural regions of sub-Saharan Africa, including coastal part of Kenya. Praziquantel administration to school-aged children is the prevailing tool of schistosomosis control in these regions. The aim of our study was to find out if this control strategy can lead to interruption of parasite trasmission and disease elimination. During February and March 2018, the occurrence of urinary schistosomosis in volunteers of primary health care facilities in Kwale County, Kenya was examined and the occurrence of infected intermediate hosts Bulinus globosus in local water resources was monitored. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning source of water for household purposes, type of housing and health status and were asked to provide urine samples. Diagnosis of urinary schistosomosis was established by detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine specimens microscopically, using filtration method. Infected B. globosus snails were detected using cercaria shedding tests. From the hemolymph of snails, prepatent period of infection was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of urinary schistosomosis was detected in 15.07 % (69 out of 451) of study participants. Cercaria shedding test was positive in 2 particular sites of river Pengo and Tsanganyiko. Genetic material (haemolymph) of 68 B. globosus snails tested by DraI PCR revealed 7 Schistosoma spp. positive samples. Six of seven DraI positive snails were infected by S. haematobium, as it was detected by Sh110/SmS1 PCR. The study revealed, that the disease was still present in the region studied and the transmission was not interrupted. The rate of infection was significantly influenced by the water supplies used for household purposes and the type of housing.

中文翻译：

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肯尼亚夸莱县农村医疗卫生中心患者尿血吸虫病

总结 泌尿系统血吸虫病是撒哈拉以南非洲低收入农村地区普遍存在的严重公共卫生问题，包括肯尼亚沿海地区。对学龄儿童施用吡喹酮是这些地区控制血吸虫病的主要工具。我们研究的目的是找出这种控制策略是否会导致寄生虫传播和疾病消除的中断。2018年2月和2018年3月，对肯尼亚Kwale县初级卫生保健机构志愿者发生尿路血吸虫病的情况进行了检查，监测了当地水资源中感染中间宿主球状青皮病的发生情况。参与者完成了一份关于家庭用水来源、住房类型和健康状况的问卷，并被要求提供尿液样本。尿血吸虫病的诊断是通过使用过滤法在显微镜下检测尿液标本中的血吸虫虫卵来建立的。使用尾蚴脱落试验检测到受感染的球状芽孢杆菌。从蜗牛的血淋巴中，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确定感染前期。在 15.07%（451 名中的 69 名）的研究参与者中检测到尿血吸虫病。Pengo河和Tsanganyiko 2个特定地点尾蚴脱落试验呈阳性。通过 DraI PCR 测试的 68 只球状双螺旋体蜗牛的遗传物质（血淋巴）揭示了 7 种血吸虫。阳性样本。七只 DraI 阳性蜗牛中有六只被 S. haematobium 感染，正如 Sh110/SmS1 PCR 检测到的那样。研究显示，该疾病仍然存在于所研究的地区，并且传播并未中断。感染率受到家庭用水和住房类型的显着影响。