Humans eliminate habitats and fragment ecosystems around the globe (Haddad et al. 2015), disrupting ecological flows, movement of species, and exchange of genes between populations. In response, conservationists strive to maintain and restore connectivity among core habitats (e.g., Peck et al. 2017), patches of relatively natural lands (Theobald et al. 2012), protected areas (Belote et al. 2016), or current and future climate niches (Carroll et al. 2018). The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 (CBD 2014) includes 20 targets (i.e., Aichi Biodiversity Targets) embedded under five goals. Target 11 calls for “17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas... [to be] conserved through... well-connected systems of protected areas” (emphasis added). We appreciate the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) acknowledgement of a well-connected system of protected areas and recommend elevating the importance of connectivity in the CBD’s 2021–2030 strategic plan. We believe connectivity should be represented by its own target with accompanying indicators. In the present article, we propose a framework for doing so, which involves developing condition-specific targets and indicators and establishing a monitoring program to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation action (figure 1). Visconti and colleagues (2019) recognized that connectivity conservation strategies should be condition dependent. We offer a condition-dependent framework for establishing connectivity targets and indicators. We borrow from Locke and colleagues’ (2019) proposal and recommend stratifying terrestrial land (including freshwater) into three conditions with different targets for each condition (figure 1). The three conditions proposed by Locke and colleagues (2019) include large wild areas, shared landscapes, and cities and farms.

中文翻译：

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制定连通性目标和指标以指导全球保护工作的框架


人类消灭了全球的栖息地并破坏了生态系统（Haddad et al. 2015），破坏了生态流动、物种移动以及种群之间的基因交换。作为回应，自然资源保护主义者努力维持和恢复核心栖息地（例如，Peck 等人，2017 年）、相对自然的土地斑块（Theobald 等人，2012 年）、保护区（Belote 等人，2016 年）或当前和未来之间的连通性。气候利基（Carroll et al. 2018）。 2011-2020 年生物多样性战略计划（CBD 2014）包括五个目标下的 20 个具体目标（即爱知生物多样性目标）。具体目标 11 呼吁“17%的陆地和内陆水域……通过……连接良好的保护区系统得到保护”（强调是后加的）。我们赞赏《生物多样性公约》（CBD）对互联互通的保护区系统的认可，并建议在《生物多样性公约》2021-2030 年战略计划中提高互联互通的重要性。我们认为互联互通应该由自己的目标和相关指标来代表。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架，其中包括制定针对具体情况的目标和指标，并建立监测计划来评估保护行动的有效性（图1）。 Visconti 及其同事（2019）认识到连通性保护策略应该取决于条件。我们提供一个视情况而定的框架来建立连通性目标和指标。我们借鉴Locke及其同事（2019）的提案，建议将陆地（包括淡水）分层为三种条件，每种条件有不同的目标（图1）。 Locke及其同事（2019）提出的三个条件包括大片野生区域、共享景观以及城市和农场。