Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) relies on resource-intensive sampling to detect and remove persistently infected (PI) cattle. Herd-level surveillance tools would be useful for herds with unknown BVDV status and for monitoring herds with BVDV-free status. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of using stable flies as a sampling tool to detect BVDV at the herd level. Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) were fed citrated blood from either BVDV-PI or BVDV-free cattle to establish pools of 100 flies with various proportions of BVDV-fed flies (0%, 1%, 10%, 20%, 40%, or 100% in each pool). BVDV-fed flies in these pools were harvested either 1, 2, or 3 d after consuming BVDV-PI blood to determine the impact of time after feeding. Two replicates of a 3-d by 6-dilution level matrix were produced. BVDV RNA was consistently detected on day 1 when ≥10% of the flies in the pool consumed PI blood. On days 2 and 3, positive BVDV RNA detection was variable and became less consistent. Our results demonstrate that BVDV RNA can be detected in stable flies after feeding on blood from PI cattle. Successful use of stable flies as a surveillance tool will require validation under field conditions.

中文翻译：

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持续感染牛的血液消耗后，在稳定的果蝇中检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒。

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）的控制依靠资源密集型采样来检测和清除持续感染（PI）的牛。牛群级监视工具对于BVDV状况未知的牛群和BVDV无状态的牛群监控很有用。我们的目标是确定使用稳定果蝇作为抽样工具检测牛群中BVDV的可行性。用来自BVDV-PI或无BVDV的牛饲喂柠檬酸血的稳定蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans），以建立100个蝇池，其中包含不同比例的BVDV喂养的蝇（0％，1％，10％，20％，40％，或每个池中的100％）。在食用BVDV-PI血液后的1、2或3 d收获这些池中的BVDV喂食的苍蝇，以确定进食时间对时间的影响。制作了3 d x 6稀释水平矩阵的两个副本。当池中的果蝇中有≥10％的果蝇消耗了PI血液时，在第1天始终检测到BVDV RNA。在第2天和第3天，BVDV RNA阳性检测可变，并且一致性降低。我们的结果表明，以PI牛的血液为食后，可以在稳定的果蝇中检测到BVDV RNA。成功使用稳定的苍蝇作为监视工具将需要在野外条件下进行验证。