Selenium (Se), an important oligoelement, is a component of the antioxidant system. Over the last decade, it has been ever more frequently discussed in the context of thyroid disorders. Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, differentiated thyroid cancer, and even endemic goiter may have common triggers that are activated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in various stages of the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders. Most oxidative events occur in mitochondria, organelles that contain enzymes with Se as a cofactor. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP in the cell and are also a major site of ROS production. Thyroid hormone status (the thyroid being the organ with the highest concentration of Se in the body) has a profound impact on mitochondria biogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of Se in mitochondrial function in thyroid disorders with impaired oxidative stress, since both thyroid hormone synthesis and thyroid dysfunction involve ROS. The role of Se deficiency or its excess in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of thyroid disorders is therefore of interest.

中文翻译：

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硒参与甲状腺疾病的线粒体功能。

硒（Se）是一种重要的低聚元素，是抗氧化剂系统的组成部分。在过去的十年中，关于甲状腺疾病的讨论越来越多。格雷夫斯病和桥本氏甲状腺炎，分化型甲状腺癌，甚至地方性甲状腺肿可能具有共同的诱因，这些诱因由过量的活性氧（ROS）激活，这些活性氧参与甲状腺疾病发病机理的各个阶段。大多数氧化事件发生在线粒体中，线粒体是含有以硒为辅因子的酶的细胞器。线粒体负责细胞中ATP的产生，也是ROS产生的主要场所。甲状腺激素状态（甲状腺是人体中Se含量最高的器官）对线粒体的生物发生有深远的影响。在这篇评论中 我们将重点放在硒在氧化应激受损的甲状腺疾病中的线粒体功能中的作用，因为甲状腺激素合成和甲状腺功能障碍均涉及ROS。因此，在甲状腺疾病中与线粒体功能障碍有关的硒缺乏症或硒缺乏症的作用值得关注。